一份中世紀的芬蘭語瞻礼单手稿,大約作於1340年-1360年,曾經被芬蘭圖爾庫港的道明會女修道院使用。此頁展現了六月的瞻礼单。 瞻礼单 是天主教 整理教會年曆 的傳統方法。把每一天的一個或多個聖人 聯繫起來,而叫這天做聖人的瞻礼日(Feast day) 。這個系統源起於非常早期的基督教傳統,在殉道者 逝世的日子(即在天堂 出生的日子),每年紀念殉道者,以鼓勵教友 學習聖人的品德,像他們一樣戰勝罪惡、在基督 內復活。所以,圣人的宗教节日拉丁文 稱做Dies Natalis (誕生之日)。
在天主教 ,纪念圣人的宗教活动被称为聖人瞻禮 。瞻禮原本是佛教 用语;天主教傳教士 初來中國 時,為翻譯拉丁文 而從佛教 借用。
天主教的慶節分三種:
節日 (Sollemnitas),最隆重的,例如聖誕節 、復活節 慶日(Festum),隆重的,例如2月2日獻主節 紀念(Memoriae),較不隆重,例如10月4日亞西西的方濟各 紀念日 羅馬禮教會有通用的禮儀年曆,包含了被認爲具有普世意義的聖人節慶;在宗座批准下個別教會或修會可以制定專用年曆,這些年曆可能包含對本教會或修會而言有特別意義的節慶[1] 。
羅馬禮通用禮儀年曆 [ 编辑 ] 日期不定(一般) [ 编辑 ] 主顯節 後主日(若主显节于主日,如1月7、8日,则于下一个周一) - 主受洗節 ——庆日 七月瞻礼单手稿 10月 [ 编辑 ] 11月 [ 编辑 ] 12月 [ 编辑 ] 聖誕八日慶期內主日(若无主日,于12月30日) - 聖家節 ——庆日 地區性禮儀年曆 [ 编辑 ] 1月14日 - 真福和德理 (司鐸) 1月15日 - 聖劉方濟 (司鐸、殉道) 1月23日 - 聖白小滿 (殉道) 1月27日 - 聖赵荣 (司铎、殉道) 1月29日 - 聖王炳 及同伴(殉道)或聖福若瑟 (司鐸) 1月30日 -真福雷永明 (司鐸) 2月13日 - 聖藍月旺 (司鐸、殉道) 2月18日 - 聖劉格來 (方濟克萊)(司鐸、殉道)或聖吳學聖 、聖文乃耳 及同伴(殉道) 2月21日 - 聖劉翰佐 (司鐸、殉道) 3月1日 - 聖曹桂英 (殉道) 3月12日 - 聖張大鵬 (殉道) 4月8日 - 真福雅松大 (修女) 5月4日 - 真福梅慕雅 (司鐸) 5月17日 - 聖劉文元 (殉道) 5月27日 - 聖白多祿 (主教、殉道) 5月29日 - 聖郝開枝 (殉道) 6月23日 - 聖袁在德 (司鐸、殉道) 7月20日 - 聖任德芬 及同伴(殉道) 7月21日 - 聖郭西德 (司鐸、殉道) 7月28日 - 聖陳昌品 及同伴(殉道) 9月11日 - 聖董文學 (司鐸、殉道) 10月25日 - 聖施方濟 及同伴(殉道) 11月7日 - 聖吳國盛 (殉道) 11月24日 - 聖徐德新 (主教、殉道) 英格蘭 [ 编辑 ] According to the national calendar of England ,[3] as requested by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and approved by the Holy See :
12 January: Saint Aelred of Rievaulx - Optional Memorial 19 January: Saint Wulstan , bishop - Optional Memorial 14 February: Saints Cyril , monk, and Methodius , bishop - Feast 1 March: Saint David , bishop - Feast 17 March: Saint Patrick , bishop - Feast 21 April: Saint Anselm of Canterbury , bishop and doctor - Optional Memorial 23 April: Saint George , martyr - Solemnity 24 April: Saint Adalbert , bishop and martyr or Saint Fidelis of Sigmaringen , priest and martyr - Optional Memorial 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena , virgin and doctor - Feast 4 May: The English Martyrs - Feast 19 May: Saint Dunstan , bishop - Optional Memorial 25 May: Saint Bede the Venerable , priest and doctor - Memorial 27 May: Saint Augustine of Canterbury , bishop - Feast 5 June: Saint Boniface , martyr - Memorial 6月9日 - 聖高隆 (院长)——纪念(可选) 16 June: Saint Richard of Chichester , bishop - Optional Memorial 20 June: Saint Alban , martyr - Optional Memorial 22 June: Saints John Fisher , bishop and Thomas More , martyrs - Feast 23 June: Saint Etheldreda (Audrey) , virgin - Optional Memorial 1 July: Saint Oliver Plunket , bishop and martyr - Optional Memorial 11 July: Saint Benedict , abbot - Feast 23 July: Saint Bridget , religious - Feast 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) , virgin and martyr - Feast 26 August: Blessed Dominic of the Mother of God Barberi , priest - Optional Memorial 30 August: Saints Margaret Clitherow , Anne Line and Margaret Ward , martyrs - Optional Memorial 31 August: Saint Aidan , bishop and the Saints of Lindisfarne - Optional Memorial 3 September: Saint Gregory the Great , pope and doctor - Feast 4 September: Saint Cuthbert , bishop - Optional Memorial 19 September: Saint Theodore of Canterbury , bishop - Optional Memorial 24 September: Our Lady of Walsingham - Memorial 9 October: Blessed John Henry Newman , priest - Optional Memorial 10 October: Saint Paulinus of York , bishop - Optional Memorial 12 October: Saint Wilfrid , bishop - Optional Memorial 13 October: Saint Edward the Confessor - Optional Memorial 26 October: Saints Chad and Cedd , bishop - Optional Memorial 3 November: Saint Winefride , virgin - Optional Memorial 7 November: Saint Willibrord , bishop - Optional Memorial 16 November: Saint Edmund of Abingdon , bishop or Saint Margaret of Scotland - Optional Memorial 17 November: Saint Hilda , abbess or Saint Hugh of Lincoln , bishop or Saint Elizabeth of Hungary - Optional Memorial 30 November: Saint Andrew , apostle - Feast 29 December: Saint Thomas Becket , bishop and martyr - Feast According to the Calendrier propre à la France' [4]
1月3日 - 聖女日南斐法 (童貞)——紀念(可選) 15 January: Saint Remigius , bishop - Optional Memorial 14 February: Saints Cyril , monk and Methodius , bishop - Feast 19 February: Saint Bernadette Soubirous , virgin - Optional Memorial 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena , virgin and doctor - Feast 20 May: Saint Ivo , priest - Optional Memorial 5月30日 - 聖女貞德 (童貞、法蘭西第二主保聖人)——紀念 2 June: Saint Pothinus , bishop, Saint Blandina , virgin, and their companions, martyrs - Optional Memorial 5 June: Saint Clotilde - Optional Memorial 11 July: Saint Benedict , abbot - Feast 23 July: Saint Brigitta , religious - Feast 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross , virgin and martyr - Feast 15 August: Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary , principal patroness of France - Solemnity 26 August: Saint Caesarius of Arles , bishop - Optional Memorial 1 October: Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus , virgin, secondary patroness of France - Memorial 愛爾蘭 [ 编辑 ] According to the national calendar of Ireland ,[5] as drawn up by the Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference and approved by the Holy See :
3 January: Saint Munchin , bishop - Optional Memorial 15 January: Saint Ita , virgin - Memorial 16 January: Saint Fursa , abbot and missionary - Optional Memorial 30 January: Saint Aidan , bishop - Optional Memorial 1 February: Saint Brigid , virgin - Feast 7 February: Saint Mel , bishop - Optional Memorial 11 February: Saint Gobnait , virgin - Optional Memorial 14 February: Saints Cyril , monk and Methodius , bishop - Feast 17 February: Saint Fintan - Optional Memorial 1 March: Saint David , bishop - Optional Memorial 5 March: Saint Kieran , bishop - Optional Memorial 8 March: Saint Senan , bishop - Optional Memorial 11 March: Saint Aengus (Oengus) , bishop and abbot - Optional Memorial 17 March: Saint Patrick , bishop - Solemnity 21 March: Saint Enda , abbot - Optional Memorial 24 March: Saint Macartan , bishop - Optional Memorial 1 April: Saint Ceallach (Celsus) , bishop - Optional Memorial 18 April: Saint Molaise (Laisrén, Laserian) , bishop - Optional Memorial 27 April: Saint Asicus , bishop - Optional Memorial 29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena , virgin and doctor - Feast 4 May: Saint Conleth , bishop - Optional Memorial 5 May: Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice , religious - Optional Memorial 10 May: Saint Comgall , abbot - Optional Memorial 15 May: Saint Carthage , bishop (Mochuta) - Optional Memorial 16 May: Saint Brendan , abbot - Optional Memorial 3 June: Saint Kevin , abbot - Memorial 6 June: Saint Jarlath , bishop - Optional Memorial 7 June: Saint Colman of Dromore , bishop - Optional Memorial 6月9日 - 聖高隆 (院长、傳教士)——慶日 14 June: Saint Davnet , virgin - Optional Memorial 20 June: Blessed Irish Martyrs - Memorial 1 July: Saint Oliver Plunkett , bishop and martyr - Memorial 6 July: Saint Moninne , virgin - Optional Memorial 7 July: Saint Maelruain (Maolruain) , virgin - Optional Memorial 8 July: Saint Killian , bishop and martyr - Optional Memorial 11 July: Saint Benedict , abbot - Feast 23 July: Saint Birgitta , religious - Feast 24 July: Saint Declan , bishop - Optional Memorial 9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) , virgin and martyr - Feast 9 August: In the revised liturgical calendar for Ireland, approved by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on 1 October 1998 (Protocol No. 227/97/L), optional memorials of Saint Nathy and Saint Felim were assigned to this day; outside the dioceses that celebrate them with a higher rank, their celebrations are impeded by that of Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, who was later declared one of the patron saints of Europe. 12 August: Saint Muiredach , bishop, Saint Attracta , virgin, or Saint Lelia , virgin - Optional Memorials 13 August: Saint Fachtna , bishop - Optional Memorial 17 August: Our Lady of Knock - Feast 23 August: Saint Eugene (Eoghan) , bishop - Optional Memorial 30 August: Saint Fiacre , monk - Optional Memorial 31 August: Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne , bishop and missionary - Optional Memorial 4 September: Saint Mac Nissi , bishop - Optional Memorial 9 September: Saint Ciaran , abbot - Memorial 12 September: Saint Ailbe , bishop - Optional Memorial 23 September: The celebration of Saint Eunan (Adomnan) , abbot as an optional memorial is now generally impeded by the later assignation to this date in the General Calendar of the obligatory memorial of Saint Pio of Pietralcina 25 September: Saint Finbarr , bishop - Optional Memorial 3 October: Blessed Columba Marmion , priest - Optional Memorial (in some places) 9 October: Blessed John Henry Newman , priest - Optional Memorial (in some places) 11 October: Saint Canice , abbot - Optional Memorial 16 October: Saint Gall , abbot and missionary - Optional Memorial 27 October: Saint Otteran , monk - Optional Memorial 29 October: Saint Colman of Kilmacduagh , bishop - Optional Memorial 3 November: Saint Malachy , bishop - Memorial 6 November: All Saints of Ireland - Feast 7 November: Saint Willibrord , bishop - Optional Memorial 14 November: Saint Laurence O'Toole , bishop- Optional Memorial 23 November: Saint Columban , abbot and missionary - Memorial 25 November Saint Colman of Cloyne , bishop - Optional Memorial 27 November Saint Fergal , bishop and missionary - Optional Memorial 12 December Saint Finnian of Clonard , bishop - Optional Memorial 18 December Saint Flannan , bishop - Optional Memorial 20 December Saint Fachanan of Kilfenora , bishop - Optional Memorial 蘇格蘭 [ 编辑 ] According to the national calendar of Scotland , as requested by the Bishops' Conference of Scotland and approved by the Holy See :[來源請求]
紐西蘭 [ 编辑 ] 参考文献 [ 编辑 ] 外部链接 [ 编辑 ]