List of Myrtales of South Africa

Myrtales is an order of flowering plants placed within the eurosids by the APG III system of classification for angiosperms. This finding is corroborated by the placement of the Myrtales in the Malvid clade by the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative.[1] The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms – the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses – as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]

Ten families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Combretaceae

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Family: Combretaceae,[5]

Combretum

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Genus Combretum:[5]

Lumnitzera

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Genus Lumnitzera:[5]

Pteleopsis

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Genus Pteleopsis:[5]

Quisqualis

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Genus Quisqualis:[5]

Terminalia

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Genus Terminalia:[5]

Heteropyxidaceae

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Family: Heteropyxidaceae,[5]

Heteropyxis

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Genus Heteropyxis:[5]

Lythraceae

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Family: Lythraceae,[5]

Ammannia

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Genus Ammannia:[5]

Cuphea

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Genus Cuphea:[5]

Galpinia

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Genus Galpinia:[5]

Heimia

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Genus Heimia:[5]

Lagerstroemia

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Genus Lagerstroemia:[5]

Lythrum

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Genus Lythrum:[5]

Nesaea

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Genus Nesaea:[5]

Punica

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Genus Punica:[5]

Rotala

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Genus Rotala:[5]

Trapa

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Genus Trapa:[5]

  • Trapa natans L. indigenous
    • Trapa natans L. var. pumila Nakano ex Verdc. indigenous

Melastomataceae

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Family: Melastomataceae,[5]

Antherotoma

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Genus Antherotoma:[5]

Dissotis

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Genus Dissotis:[5]

Heterocentron

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Genus Heterocentron:[5]

Melastoma

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Genus Melastoma:[5]

Pleroma

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Genus Pleroma:

  • Pleroma granulosum (Desr.) D.Don (syn. Tibouchina granulosa) not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Pleroma urvilleanum (DC.) P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang. (syn. Tibouchina urvilleana) not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised

Memecylaceae

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Family: Memecylaceae,[5]

Memecylon

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Genus Memecylon:[5]

Warneckea

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Genus Warneckea:[5]

Myrtaceae

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Family: Myrtaceae,[5]

Agonis

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Genus Agonis:[5]

Callistemon

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Genus Callistemon:[5]

Calothamnus

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Genus Calothamnus:[5]

Corymbia

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Genus Corymbia:[5]

  • Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Corymbia ficifolia (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Eucalyptus

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Genus Eucalyptus:[5]

Eugenia

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Genus Eugenia:[5]

Leptospermum

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Genus Leptospermum:[5]

Melaleuca

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Genus Melaleuca:[5]

Metrosideros

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Genus Metrosideros:[5]

Myrtus

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Genus Myrtus:[5]

Psidium

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Genus Psidium:[5]

Syncarpia

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Genus Syncarpia:[5]

Syzygium

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Genus Syzygium:[5]

Oliniaceae

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Family: Oliniaceae,[5]

Cremastostemon

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Genus Cremastostemon:[5]

Olinia

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Genus Olinia:[5]

Onagraceae

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Family: Onagraceae,[5]

Epilobium

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Genus Epilobium:[5]

Gaura

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Genus Gaura:[5]

Ludwigia

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Genus Ludwigia:[5]

Oenothera

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Genus Oenothera:[5]

Penaeaceae

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Family: Penaeaceae,[5]

Brachysiphon

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Genus Brachysiphon:[5]

Endonema

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Genus Endonema:[5]

Glischrocolla

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Genus Glischrocolla:[5]

Penaea

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Genus Penaea:[5]

  • Penaea acutifolia A.Juss. endemic
  • Penaea cneorum Meerb. indigenous
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. cneorum, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. gigantea R.Dahlgren, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. lanceolata R.Dahlgren, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. ovata (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex A.DC.) R.Dahlgren, endemic
    • Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. ruscifolia R.Dahlgren, endemic
  • Penaea dahlgrenii Rourke, endemic
  • Penaea mucronata L. endemic

Saltera

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Genus Saltera:[5]

Sonderothamnus

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Genus Sonderothamnus:[5]

Stylapterus

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Genus Stylapterus:[5]

Rhynchocalycaceae

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Family: Rhynchocalycaceae,[5]

Rhynchocalyx

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Genus Rhynchocalyx:[5]

References

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  1. ^ Leebens-Mack JH, Barker MS, Carpenter EJ, Deyholos MK, Gitzendanner MA, Graham SW, et al. (One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative) (October 2019). "One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants". Nature. 574 (7780): 679–685. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1693-2. PMC 6872490. PMID 31645766.
  2. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms – an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. Bibcode:1986BotRv..52..321D. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  3. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.