Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia
Pakpak , or Batak Dairi , is an Austronesian language of Sumatra . It is spoken in Dairi Regency , Pakpak Bharat Regency , Parlilitan district of Humbang Hasundutan Regency , Manduamas district of Central Tapanuli Regency , and Subulussalam and Aceh Singkil Regency .
Dairi Batak syllables in Batak script . A word-final /k/ can also be heard as a glottal stop [ʔ ] . Vowels /i, u, e, o/ can have shortened allophones of [ɪ , ʊ , ɛ , ɔ ].[ 2] ^ Pakpak at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) ^ Simbolon, Apul; Tinambunan, Raman; Pardede, Bertha (1978). Fonologi bahasa Batak Dairi . Medan: Proyek Penelitian Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Sembiring, Matius C.A.; Aiyub, T.; Amillah, R.; Perangin-angin, P. (1993). Morfologi dan Sintaksis Bahasa Pakpak Dairi [Morphology and Syntax of the Pakpak Dairi Language ] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. ISBN 979-459-293-5 – via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id. Basaria, Ida (2002). Analisis Morfologi Verba Bahasa Pakpak Dairi [Morphological Analysis of Pakpak Dairi Language Verbs ] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Sumatera Utara. Kudadiri, Amhar (2010). Morfologi Nomina Bahasa Pakpak [Noun Morphology of the Pakpak Language ] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Sumatera Utara. Brakel-Papenhuijzen, Clara (2014). Dairi Stories and Pakpak Storytelling . Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. doi :10.1163/9789004261730 . Pangaribuan, Mintauli (2017). Analisis Morfologi Verba Transitif Bahasa Pakpak Dairi [Morphological Analysis of Transitive Verbs in the Pakpak Dairi Language ] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Sumatera Utara.
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status