齊特琴(德語:Zither)是一種既是指弦樂器中一個類別的樂器,已同時該類別某些特定樂器的名稱。德語的本名zither字源來自拉丁詞語 cithara,跟現代英語吉他(guitar)同源。結構演化自中世紀撥弦樂瑟(psaltery),流行於奧地利的蒂羅爾和巴伐利亞。琴由一個形狀扁平的木質共鳴箱,再加上4或5根的旋律弦和37根的伴奏弦所組成;旋律弦靠向彈奏者,用左手手指上的撥子彈奏。伴奏弦則可用任何一隻手的手指彈奏。齊特琴常在輕歌劇中表現情節的鄉土氣息。[1][2][3]
齊特琴的調音表如下:
ZITHER TUNING CHART |
| FRETTED | UNFRETTED |
STRING | Melody | Accompaniment | Basses | Countrabasses |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 |
PITCH | Munich | A4 | A4 | D4 | G3 | C3 | Eb4 | Bb3 | F4 | C4 | G3 | D4 | A3 | E4 | B3 | F#3 | C#4 | G#3 | Eb3 | Bb2 | F3 | C3 | G2 | D3 | A2 | E3 | B2 | F#2 | C#3 | G#2 | F2 | E2 | Eb2 | D2 | C#2 | C2 | B1 | Bb1 | A1 | G#1 | G1 | F#1 | F1 |
Viennese | A4 | D4 | G3 | G3 | C3 | Ab4 | Eb4 | Bb3 | F4 | C4 | G4 | D4 | A3 | E4 | B3 | F#4 | C#4 | G#3 | Eb2 | Bb2 | F2 | C3 | G2 | D2 | A2 | E2 | B2 | F#2 | C#2 | G#2 | C2 | B1 | Bb1 | A1 | G# | G1 | F#1 | F1 | |
Notes: | Basic | Concert | Alpine |
參考來源[编辑]
- ^ Strings on a table. Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. 2013 [2013-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-30).
- ^ zither. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 2013 [2013-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).
- ^ zither. Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxford University Press. 2013 [2013-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-04).
- Dearling, Robert; Stringed Instruments; Chelsea House Publishing (2000). ISBN 0791060926
- Marcuse, Sibyl; Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary; W. W. Norton & Company (1975). ISBN 0393007588
- Mühlemann, Lorenz; Die Zither in der Schweiz: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart ; Turtleback (1995). ISBN 3-729-60584-4 (German)
- Ralston, Jack L.; A Selective Bibliography for the Zither; University of Missouri (1981). ASIN: B00072D9GI
- Schuler, Manfred; Zither In Der Volksmusik , vol. 1 & 2; Unbekannt . ISBN 3-853-66837-2, 3-708-40155-7 (German)
外部連結[编辑]