Visa requirements for Japanese citizens

The cover of a biometric Japanese passport

Visa requirements for Japanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Japan.

From 2018 to 2024 (with the exception of 2023), Japanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to the most countries and territories,[1] making the Japanese passport rank first in the world in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[2][3] It ranked 2nd in 2023.[1][4]

Visa requirements map[edit]

Visa requirements for Japanese citizens holding ordinary passports
  Japan
  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA / eVisitor
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available either on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements[edit]

Visa requirements for holders of normal passports travelling for tourist purposes:

Country / Region Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[5]
 Albania Visa not required[6] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[7]
 Andorra Visa not required[8] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Angola Visa not required[9][10] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[11]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[12]
  • An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[13] 6 months
 Argentina Visa not required[14] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[15] 180 days
  • 180 days within a one-year period.
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[16] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted. May enter using SmartGate on arrival in Australia.[17]
 Austria Visa not required[18] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa / Visa on arrival[19][20] 30 days
  • Upon arrival at the any international airport, you can obtain visa through a kiosk.
 Bahamas Visa not required[21] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[22] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[23] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[24] 6 months
 Belarus Visa not required[25] 30 days
 Belgium Visa not required[26] 90 days
 Belize Visa not required[27] 90 days
 Benin eVisa[28][29] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
  • Three types of electronic visa are offered: the e-Visa valid for 30 days for a single entry (€50), the e-Visa valid for 30 days for several (multiple) entries (€75), and the e-Visa valid for 90 days to make several (multiple) entries (€100). [30]
 Bhutan eVisa[31][32]
 Bolivia Visa not required[33] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[34] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Botswana Visa not required[35] 90 days
  • 90 days within year period.
 Brazil Visa not required[36] 90 days
  • Up to 90 days per visit, but no more than 180 days per year.
 Brunei Visa not required[37] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[38] 90 days
 Burkina Faso eVisa[39][40]
 Burundi Visa on arrival[41] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[43][44] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[45][46]
 Canada Electronic Travel Authorization[47] 6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[48] Also an eTA not required when arriving by car, bus, train or boat (including a cruise ship).
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[49] 30 days
  • Available at Sal, Boa Vista, São Vicente, or Santiago international airports. Cost for a visa on arrival is around EUR 25.[50]
 Central African Republic Visa required[51]
 Chad Visa required[52]
 Chile Visa not required[53] 90 days
 China Visa required[54]
  • Currently, the 15-day visa-free system for Japanese citizens has been temporarily suspended since 28 March 2020.
 Colombia Visa not required[55] 180 days
  • 90 days – extendable up to 180 days stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[56] 45 days
  • Nationals of any country can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 45 days. Also, the cost is EUR 30 or USD 50.
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[57]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[58][59] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa not required[60] 180 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[61][62] 3 months
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 Croatia Visa not required[63] 90 days
 Cuba Tourist card required[64] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 Cyprus Visa not required[65] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Czech Republic Visa not required[66] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[67] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[68][69] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[70] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[71] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[72] 90 days
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[73][74] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[75] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[76][77]
 Eritrea Visa required[78]
 Estonia Visa not required[79] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa not required[80] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[81] 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[84] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[85] 90 days
 France Visa not required[86] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[87][88] 90 days
 Gambia Visa required[89]
  • An entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.
 Georgia Visa not required[90] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[91] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[92]
 Greece Visa not required[93] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[94] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[95] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[96][97] 90 days
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[98] 90 days
  • Holders of passports issued by all countries can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 90 days.
 Guyana Visa not required[99] 3 months
 Haiti Visa not required[100] 3 months
 Honduras Visa not required[101] 3 months
 Hungary Visa not required[102] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[103] 90 days
 India eVisa / Visa on arrival[104][105] 60 days
  • Visa on Arrival is only granted at Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai airport.
  • Japanese citizens can also apply for e-Visa online for 30 days.
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][106]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[107]
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[108] 30 days[109]
 Iran Visa not required[110] 15 days
  • 15 days within any 6-month period.
 Iraq Visa on arrival[111] 60 days
  • Japanese citizens can now obtain a visa on arrival at Iraq's airports, land and sea crossings for 60 days, for a fee of USD 75.[112]
 Ireland Visa not required[113] 3 months
 Israel Visa not required[114] 3 months
 Italy Visa not required[115] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[116] 30 days
 Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[117][118] 30 days
  • Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge).
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[119] 30 days
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[120][121] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[122]
 Kiribati Visa not required[123] 90 days
 North Korea Visa required[124]
 South Korea Electronic Travel Authorization[125] 90 days
  • Japanese citizens can enter South Korea as a short term visit (e.g., tours, visiting relatives or friends, attending simple meetings) up to 90 days without a visa, though you should remain aware of the quarantine requirements. You must also have an onward or return ticket. It's illegal to work on a tourist visa, whether as a teacher or in any other capacity.[126]
  • All visitors are fingerprinted. From September 2021, travelers require the Korean Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA). The validity period is 3 years from the date of approval.
  • The government of the Republic of Korea announced that from April 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024, a K-ETA is not required for 27 countries' citizens visiting Korea for 90 days or less for business or tourism.
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[127][128] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[129] 60 days
 Laos Visa not required[130] 15 days
 Latvia Visa not required[131] 90 days
 Lebanon Free visa on arrival[132] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months.
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[133] 90 days
 Liberia Visa required[134]
 Libya eVisa[135][136]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[139] 90 days
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[140] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[141][142] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[143] 90 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[144] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[145]
 Malta Visa not required[146] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[147] 90 days
  • Visitors wishing to travel to Kwajalein are required to hold an Entry Authorization issued by the United States Military.
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[148] 30 days
  • Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport. Only Nouakchott-Oumtounsy International Airport offers a Mauritania visa on arrival. Any other entry point necessitates a ride to the embassy.[149]
  • A Mauritania visa costs about EUR 30 and lasts for 30 days.[150]
 Mauritius Visa not required[151] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[152] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[153] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[154] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Monaco Visa not required[155] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Mongolia Visa not required[156] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[157] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[158] 3 months
 Mozambique Visa not required[159][160] 30 days
  • Travelers must pay a fee of 650 MT upon entry.
 Myanmar eVisa[161][162] 28 days
 Namibia Visa not required[163] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[164]
   Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[165] 90 days[166]
 Netherlands Visa not required[167] 90 days
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[168] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[169] May enter using eGate.
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[170] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[169]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[171] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[172]
 Nigeria eVisa[173][174] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa not required[175] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[176] 90 days
 Oman Visa not required / eVisa[177][178] 14 days / 30 days
  • Japanese citizens are also eligible for e-Visas valid for 30 days.
 Pakistan ETA / Online Visa[179][180] 30 days
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[181]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[182]
  • Online Visa eligible.[183]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[184] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[185] 90 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[186][187] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa not required[188] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[189] 180 days
 Philippines Visa not required[190] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[191] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[192] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[193] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[194] 90 days
 Russia eVisa[195][196] 16 days
  • Regular visa free of charge for Japanese passport holders.[197]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[198][199] 30 days
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[122]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[200] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[201] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[202] 3 month
 Samoa Visa not required[203] 90 days
 San Marino Visa not required[204] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[205] 15 days[206]
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[207][208] 90 days
 Senegal Visa not required[209] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[210] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Seychelles Electronic Border System[211][212] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
 Singapore Visa not required[213] 30 days
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[214][215] 3 months / 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[216] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[217] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[218] 3 months
  • Citizens of Japan and 41 other countries may obtain a free permit valid for 3 months within any year period on arrival.
 Somalia Visa on arrival[219] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[220] 90 days
 South Sudan eVisa[221][222]
  • Obtainable online, 90 days for USD 200 and 180 days for USD 350.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Visa not required[223] 90 days
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Free Visa on arrival[224][225] 60 days / 30 days
  • Japanese citizens are exempt from paying a fee for visas until 30 April 2024.[226]
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[227]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
 Sudan Visa required[228]
 Suriname Visa not required[229][230] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[231]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[232]
 Sweden Visa not required[233] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[234] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[235]
 Taiwan Visa not required[236] 90 days
 Tajikistan Visa not required / eVisa[237] 30 days / 60 days
  • Japanese nationals can obtain a single or multiple entry e-Visa online for USD 30 prior to arrival for a maximum stay of 60 days within 90 days. Along with e-Visa, visitors can apply for a permit to visit Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province for USD 20.[238]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[239][240] 90 days
 Thailand Visa not required[241] 30 days
  • Maximum 2 visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[242] 30 days
 Togo eVisa[243][244] 15 days
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[245] 31 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[246] 90 days
 Tunisia Visa not required[247] 90 days
 Turkey Visa not required[248] 3 months
 Turkmenistan Visa required[249]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[250] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[251][252] 3 months
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  • Must apply online at least 2 business days prior to travel. As of March 2017, airlines may deny passengers permission to board flights to Uganda without proof that they had successfully applied for an e-Visa. Ugandan immigration authorities may require additional documentation, including proof of a return plane ticket and detailed tour itinerary in Uganda.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[122]
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.
 Ukraine Visa not required[253] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[254] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[255] 6 months
 United States Visa Waiver Program[256][257] 90 days
  • ESTA is valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.[258]
  • ESTA is also required when entering the country by cruise ship or land.[259]
  • Visa required if Nationals of VWP countries who have travelled or been present in Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, or Yemen at any time on or after 1 March 2011 (with limited exceptions), or those who have travelled or being present in Cuba at any time on or after 12 January 2021, or nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Iraq, Syria, Iran, North Korea or Sudan.
  • ESTA is not required for Guam and Northern Mariana Islands.[260]
 Uruguay Visa not required[261] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[262] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[263] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa not required[264] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Venezuela Visa not required[265] 90 days
 Vietnam Visa not required[266] 45 days
  • A single entry e-Visa valid for 90 days is also available.[267]
 Yemen Visa required[268]
 Zambia Visa not required[269] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[270] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Territories, disputed areas or restricted zones[edit]

Visa requirements for Japanese citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
 Abkhazia Visa required Tourists from all countries (except Georgia) can visit Abkhazia for a period not exceeding 24 hours as part of an organized tourist group.[271]
 Artsakh Visa on arrival Travellers can obtain the visa on arrival at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs office in Stepanakert upon arrival, with different prices for Visa 21 days/1 month/2 months/3 months.[272][273] Holders of a passport containing an Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or any evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[274]
Greece Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: EUR 25 for Orthodox visitors, EUR 35 for non-Orthodox visitors, EUR 18 for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[275][276]
Belarus  Brest and  Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[277]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[278]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.[279]
Denmark  Faroe Islands Visa not required 90 days.[280]
Finland  Åland Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period
Germany  Büsingen am Hochrhein and  Heligoland Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period
 Livigno and  Campione d'Italia Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period
 Gibraltar Visa not required Up to 6 months.[281]
 Guernsey Visa not required 90 days within a 12-month period.[282]
 Isle of Man Visa not required Up to 6 months.[283]
 Jersey Visa not required Up to 6 months.[284]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[285] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[286][287]
Norway Svalbard Visa not required Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty.[288]
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[289]
Portugal  Azores and  Madeira Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[290]
Switzerland Samnaun Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[291][292]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[293][294]
Africa
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[295]
 Mayotte Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.[296]
 Réunion Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.[296]
 Ascension Island eVisa 3 months within any year period.[297][298]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[299]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[300]
Spain  Canary Islands,  Ceuta and  Melilla Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara, same entry requirements with Morocco, controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for USD 30, payable on arrival.[301][302]
 Sudan outside Khartoum Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[303]
Asia
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[304]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required
 Iraqi Kurdistan eVisa 30 days.[310]
Kazakhstan  Baikonur and Priozersk Special permission required
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[312]
Malaysia Sabah Sabah and Sarawak Sarawak Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[313]
Maldives Maldives outside Malé Permission required Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[314]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent movement)
 Palestine Permit Required Arrival by sea to the Gaza Strip not allowed.[315][316]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[317][318][319]
 Hong Kong Visa not required 3 months[320][321]
 Macau Visa not required 90 days.[322]
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (USD 10).[323][324]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[325]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted area
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted area
 Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[326]
Americas
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months.[327]
 Bermuda Visa not required Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[328]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 30 days, extensions possible.[329]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 6 months.[330]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months.[331]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required 90 days.[332]
Netherlands  Aruba,  Curaçao and  Sint Maarten Visa not required 3 months.[333][334]
Netherlands  Bonaire,  Sint Eustatius and  Saba Visa not required 3 months.[335][336]
France French Guiana＆ Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.[337][296]
France French West Indies Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period. French West Indies refers to Martinique,  Guadeloupe,  Saint Martin and  Saint Barthélemy.[338]
Denmark  Greenland Visa not required 90 days.[280]
 Puerto Rico Visa not required Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[339]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa not required Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[340]
Venezuela Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[341]
Colombia San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[342]
Ecuador Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[343]
Oceania
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[344]
Australia Macquarie Island Special authorisation permit A written authorisation of the Director of National Parks and Wildlife is required.
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days.[345]
 Niue Visa not required 30 days.[346][347]
 Tokelau Entry permit required
  • 10 days/3 months/1 year. Visitors permits/Residence permits/Work permits/Special permits granted, allow the permit holder to be in Tokelau, for up to 10 days/3 months/1 year, unless otherwise specified. Apply for a travel permit at the Tokelau office in Apia, Samoa, at least 2 weeks prior to travel. Visitors are required to hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay.[348]
  • The amount of funds needed is NZD 1,000 - per person per month of stay or NZD 400 - if accommodation. Tokelau can only be reached by boat from Samoa, and a permit from the Samoan Immigration Authorities is required to leave and re-enter Samoa.[349]
 Norfolk Island Electronic Travel Authority
  • 120 days. Visa is issued upon arrival for a visit of up to max stay of 120 days, for holders of a multiple entry Electronic Travel authority (ETA) issued by Australia, valid 30 days beyond the period of intended stay in Norfolk Island.
  • From 1 July 2016 all movement between Norfolk Island and Australian mainland are considered as domestic movement, however all passenger are still required to carry passports or, for Australian citizens, some type of photographic identification and pass Customs and Immigration. Normal Australian Customs and Immigration procedures apply when entry is made from outside Australia. Passenger not carrying their passports aren't eligible to purchase duty-free goods on Norfolk Island.[350]
 Christmas Island Visa not required 90 days. Passports and visas are not required when travelling from the Australian mainland. However, photographic identification must be produced for clearance through Customs and Immigration. Normal Australian Customs and Immigration procedures apply when entry is made from outside Australia.
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Visa not required 90 days. Passports and visas are not required when travelling from the Australian mainland. However, photographic identification must be produced for clearance through Customs and Immigration. Normal Australian Customs and Immigration procedures apply when entry is made from outside Australia.
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[351]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[352]
 French Polynesia Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.[353]
 New Caledonia Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.[296]
France  Wallis and Futuna Visa not required 90 days within any 180-day period.[296]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee USD 35 or tax of USD 5 if not going ashore.[354][355][356]
 American Samoa Electronic authorization 30 days.[357]
 Guam Visa not required 45 days.[358]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required 45 days.[359]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Midway Atoll, Wake Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, and Navassa Island.[360][361][362][363][364][365][366]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
 Falkland Islands Visa not required A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.[367]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[368][369]
 Antarctica Special permits required Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Bouvet Island Bouvet Island, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[370][371][372][373][374][375][376][377][378][379][380][381]

Pre-approved visas pick-up[edit]

Pre-approved visas can be picked up on arrival in the following countries instead in embassy or consulate.

Pre-approved
visas pick-up
on arrival		 Conditions
 Bhutan[382] For a maximum stay of 15 days if the application was submitted at least 2+1⁄2 months before arrival and if the clearance was obtained.
 Cameroon[383] Must hold approval from the General Delegate of Security.
 Eritrea[384] Must have a sponsor who must submit an application at least 48 hours before arrival.
 Liberia[385] Available only if arriving from a country without a diplomatic mission of Liberia and if a sponsor obtained an approval.
 Nigeria[386] Holders of a visa application who have a Nigerian company taking responsibility for them.
 Sudan[387] Holders of an entry permit issued by the Ministry of Interior.
 Turkmenistan[388] Holders of an invitation letter of the local company that was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

APEC Business Travel Card[edit]

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[389]

1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[390]

  • No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
  • Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Consular protection of Japanese citizens abroad[edit]

Diplomatic missions of Japan
See also: List of diplomatic missions of Japan

Non-visa restrictions[edit]

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Blank passport pages[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[391] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination[edit]

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[392] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[393]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[394][395]

Passport validity length[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[396][397] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[398]

Some countries, such as Japan,[399] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[400] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[401] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[402] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[403] Philippines,[404] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[405]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[406] and South Africa.

Criminal record[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[407] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[408]

Israeli stamps[edit]

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[409] Lebanon,[410] Libya,[411] Syria,[412] and Yemen[413] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics[edit]

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[414]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[415][416] Argentina,[417] Brunei, Cambodia,[418] China,[419] Ethiopia,[420] Ghana, Guinea,[421] India, Japan,[422][423] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[424] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[425] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[426] Singapore, South Korea,[427] Taiwan, Thailand,[428] Uganda,[429] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[430][431][432] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[433]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[434] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[435][436] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[437] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[438][439]

See also[edit]

References and Notes[edit]

References
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  2. ^ "The Henley Passport Index" (PDF). Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 19 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022. This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2022 Henley Passport Index.
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  72. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  76. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  90. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  94. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  103. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  104. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  106. ^ e-Visa
  107. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
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  111. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  114. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  115. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ "Jordan E-Services".
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  121. ^ "Kenya eTA".
  122. ^ a b c "Visitors visa - East African tourist visa".
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  124. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  126. ^ "Entry requirements – South Korea travel advice". GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 December 2021. Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
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  128. ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  131. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  132. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  134. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  135. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  136. ^ "Libya eVisa".
  137. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  138. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  139. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  140. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  141. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  142. ^ "Malawi eVisa".
  143. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  147. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  152. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
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  157. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  158. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  161. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  162. ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
  163. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  164. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  165. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  167. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  168. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  173. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  177. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  181. ^ "Tourist Visa in Your Inbox".
  182. ^ "Business Visa in Your Inbox".
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  186. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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