UEFA Euro 2020

UEFA Euro 2020

Live It. For Real.
Tournament details
Host countries	Azerbaijan Denmark England Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Romania Russia Scotland Spain
Dates	11 June – 11 July 2021
Teams	24
Venue(s)	11 (in 11 host cities)
Final positions
Champions	Italy (2nd title)
Runners-up	England
Tournament statistics
Matches played	51
Goals scored	142 (2.78 per match)
Attendance	1,099,278 (21,554 per match)
Top scorer(s)	Cristiano Ronaldo Patrik Schick (5 goals each)
Best player(s)	Gianluigi Donnarumma
Best young player	Pedri
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The 2020 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2020 (stylised as UEFA EURO 2020) or simply Euro 2020, was the 16th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA).^[1]

To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the European Championship competition, UEFA president Michel Platini declared that the tournament would be hosted in several nations as a "romantic" one-off event, with 11 cities in 11 UEFA countries each providing venues for the tournament, making it the second senior international tournament in history after the 2007 AFC Asian Cup to have more than two nations co-hosting it.^[2]

Portugal were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Belgium.^[3] Italy won their second European Championship title by beating England on penalties in the final following a 1–1 draw after extra time.^[4] The win came exactly on the 39th anniversary of Italy's 1982 FIFA World Cup final victory over West Germany.^[5]

The tournament was originally intended to be played between 12 June and 12 July 2020.^[6] However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe during that year, the tournament was postponed to June and July 2021, while retaining the name UEFA Euro 2020 and host venues. Alongside special rules regarding COVID-19, UEFA also allowed two extra substitutions^[7] and implemented video assistant referee (VAR) for the first time.^[8]

Initially, there were 13 venues chosen for the tournament but two were later dropped. Brussels was dropped in December 2017 after the city's Eurostadium was abandoned,^[9] while Dublin was dropped in April 2021 because there was no guarantee that spectators could attend. Spain originally intended to use Bilbao as a host venue but later changed it to Seville to allow for spectators at matches.^[10] UEFA chose Stadio Olimpico in Rome to host the opening match between Italy and Turkey, while Wembley Stadium in London was selected as a semi-final and final venue for the second time,^[11] following the 1996 tournament at the original stadium of the same name.

The tournament was well received by fans and commentators, with the most goals per game in a European Championship since the introduction of the group stage, and only two goalless games. The refereeing style was also praised, with a conservative use of VAR and quick decisions made on the pitch.

Bid process[edit]

While some countries such as Belgium,^[12] Bulgaria and Romania,^[13] Germany,^[14][15] Hungary and Romania,^[16] Ireland, Scotland, and Wales,^[17] the Netherlands,^[18] and Turkey^[19] had already expressed an interest in bidding to host the tournament, then-UEFA president Michel Platini suggested at a press conference on 30 June 2012, a day before the UEFA Euro 2012 Final, that instead of having one host country, or joint hosting by multiple countries, the tournament could be spread over "12 or 13 cities" across the continent, as was done for the UEFA European Under-17 Championship's elite round, where each of the seven groups was hosted by a different country.^[20]

European format decision[edit]

On 6 December 2012, UEFA announced the tournament would be held in multiple cities across Europe to mark the 60th anniversary of the tournament.^[21][22] The selection of the host cities did not guarantee an automatic qualifying berth to the national team of that country. UEFA reasoned that the pan-European staging of the tournament was the logical decision at a time of financial difficulty, such as the European debt crisis.^[23][24] Reaction to UEFA's plan was mixed across Europe.^[25] Critics cited the expanded format (from 31 matches featuring 16 nations to 51 featuring 24) and its associated additional costs as the decisive factor for only one nation (Turkey) having put forward a serious bid.^[26]

Bidding venues[edit]

The final list of bids was published by UEFA on 26 April 2014, with a decision on the hosts being made by the UEFA Executive Committee on 19 September 2014. There were two bids for the Finals Package (of which one was successful, marked with dark green for semi-finals and final) and 19 bids for the Standard Package (of which 12 were initially successful, marked with light green for quarter-finals and group stage, and yellow for round of 16 and group stage); Brussels, marked with red, were initially selected but removed from the list of venues by UEFA on 7 December 2017.^[27][11][28] Dublin, marked in red, was initially selected but removed from the list of venues by UEFA on 23 April 2021. On the same day, UEFA also announced the matches in Spain would be moved from Bilbao to Seville.^[10]

Country	City	Venue	Capacity	Package	Result	#
Azerbaijan	Baku	Olympic Stadium	68,700	Standard Package	Group stage and quarter-finals	4
Belarus	Minsk	Dinamo Stadium	34,000 (to be expanded to 39,000)	Standard Package	Rejected	0
Belgium	Brussels	Eurostadium (proposed new national stadium)	50,000 (62,613 potentially)	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16 (later cancelled)	0
Bulgaria	Sofia	Vasil Levski National Stadium	43,000 (to be expanded to 50,000)	Standard Package	Rejected	0
Denmark	Copenhagen	Parken Stadium	38,065	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16	4
England	London	Wembley Stadium	90,000	Finals Package (withdrawn Standard Package)	Semi-finals and final Group stage and two round of 16 (later added)	8
Germany	Munich	Allianz Arena	70,000	Standard Package, Finals Package	Group stage and quarter-finals	4
Hungary	Budapest	Puskás Aréna	56,000 (proposed new 67,215 stadium)	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16	4
Israel	Jerusalem	Teddy Stadium	34,000 (to be expanded to 53,000)	Standard Package	Rejected	0
Italy	Rome	Stadio Olimpico	70,634	Standard Package	Opening match, group stage and quarter-finals	4
Macedonia[a]	Skopje	Philip II Arena[b]	33,460	Standard Package	Rejected	0
Netherlands	Amsterdam	Amsterdam Arena[c]	54,990 (to be expanded to around 56,000)	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16	4
Republic of Ireland	Dublin	Aviva Stadium	51,700	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16 (later cancelled)	0
Romania	Bucharest	Arena Națională	55,600	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16	4
Russia	Saint Petersburg	Krestovsky Stadium	68,134	Standard Package	Group stage (a second group later added) and quarter-finals	7
Scotland	Glasgow	Hampden Park	51,866	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16	4
Spain	Bilbao	San Mamés	53,289	Standard Package	Group stage and round of 16 (later moved to La Cartuja in Seville)	4
Sweden	Solna, Stockholm	Friends Arena	54,329	Standard Package	Eliminated	0
Wales	Cardiff	Millennium Stadium	74,500	Standard Package	Eliminated	0

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic[edit]

Start of the pandemic and postponement[edit]

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe triggered concerns regarding its potential effect on players, staff and visitors to the twelve host cities of the tournament.^[29] At the UEFA Congress in early March, UEFA president Aleksander Čeferin said the organisation was confident that the situation could be dealt with, while general secretary Theodore Theodoridis stated that UEFA was maintaining contact with the World Health Organization and national governments regarding the coronavirus.^[30] The impact on football grew later that month, as numerous domestic and UEFA competition matches began taking place behind closed doors. By 13 March 2020, upcoming UEFA competition fixtures were postponed, while major European leagues were suspended, including the Bundesliga, La Liga, Ligue 1, Premier League, and Serie A.^[31]

UEFA held a videoconference on 17 March 2020 with representatives of its 55 member associations, along with a FIFPro representative and the boards of the European Club Association and European Leagues, to discuss the response to the outbreak for domestic and European competitions, including Euro 2020.^[32] At the meeting, UEFA announced that the tournament would be postponed to the following year, proposing that it take place from 11 June to 11 July 2021.^[33] The postponement allowed for pressure to be reduced on the public services in affected countries, while also providing space in the calendar for domestic European leagues that had been suspended to complete their seasons.^[34] On the following day, the Bureau of the FIFA Council approved the date change in the FIFA International Match Calendar. As a result, the expanded FIFA Club World Cup, due to take place in June and July 2021, was cancelled.^[35] On 23 April 2020, UEFA confirmed that the tournament would still be known as UEFA Euro 2020.^[36][37]

Spectator plans and venue changes[edit]

In May 2020, Čeferin stated that in principle the tournament would take place in the twelve selected host cities. However, he did not rule out the possibility of reducing the number of cities, as three hosts were unsure if matches could be held under the new schedule.^[38] The tournament venues and match schedule was reviewed by the UEFA Executive Committee during their meeting on 17 June 2020.^[39] At the meeting, UEFA confirmed that all twelve original host venues would remain as hosts for the tournament in 2021, and approved the revised match schedule.^[40][41] However, Čeferin stated in October 2020 that it was still possible that the tournament could be played in fewer than the planned twelve host countries.^[42] The following month, UEFA stated that it "intends to hold Euro 2020 in the format and the venues confirmed earlier this year and we are working closely with all host cities on preparations".^[43] It was also announced that each host was discussing with UEFA and local health authorities on whether the venue could host matches at full capacity, between 100% and 50% capacity, at 33% capacity or behind closed doors. Each host city was asked to draw up two or three plans from the four options. The restrictions could also involve only local spectators to be permitted at matches. A final decision on which scenario would be applied individually at each venue was originally to be made on 5 March 2021.^[44][45] In October 2020, it was announced that UEFA matches would be suspended from taking place in Armenia and Azerbaijan until further notice due to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.^[46] However, this did not affect the planning of Euro 2020 matches to be held in Baku.^[47] This restriction was lifted in December 2020 following a ceasefire agreement between the countries.^[48]

In a New Year's interview, Čeferin said, "Vaccination has started and I think we will be able to have full stands in the summer. For now, the plan is to play in all twelve countries. Of course, there are backup options in case a country has a problem. We are ready to organise competitions in eleven, ten or nine cities... and even only in one country, if necessary. However, I am 99.9 percent sure that we will have the European Championship in all twelve cities, as planned."^[49][50] On 27 January 2021, UEFA met with the host associations to discuss operational matters, and reaffirmed the tournament would be held across twelve cities.^[51] The deadline for hosts to submit their venue capacity plans was moved to 7 April 2021,^[52] with a final decision on host cities and spectators to originally be made by the UEFA Executive Committee on 19 April 2021.^[53] UEFA announced on the following day that Daniel Koch, the former head of communicable diseases at Switzerland's Federal Office of Public Health, would serve as the tournament's medical advisor on matters related to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[54] In February 2021, the Israel Football Association offered to stage some tournament matches in the country, which had a high rate of vaccination. However, this was turned down by UEFA, who reiterated their commitment to the twelve host cities.^[55] In a March 2021 interview, Čeferin said, "We have several scenarios, but the one guarantee we can make is that the option of playing any Euro 2020 match in an empty stadium is off the table. Every host must guarantee there will be fans at their games." UEFA subsequently stated that no host city would be automatically dropped should they decide to play matches behind closed doors. However, UEFA would need to consider whether it would make sense to play matches without spectators, or if these matches should be reallocated to other venues.^[56] That same month, British prime minister Boris Johnson offered UEFA to host additional tournament matches in England should any venues need to be reassigned.^[57]

On 9 April 2021, UEFA announced that eight of the original twelve tournament hosts confirmed their spectator plans, with stadium capacities ranging from 25% to 100%. Only Bilbao, Dublin, Munich and Rome had yet to submit their plans, with each host originally given an extension until 19 April 2021 to submit their venue capacities.^[58] On 14 April, UEFA announced that Rome had guaranteed spectators for the tournament, and was therefore confirmed as a venue.^[59] On 19 April, it was announced that another extension was given to the three remaining hosts until 23 April, when UEFA would make its final decision.^[60] Due to the need to finalise ticketing details, host cities would have until 28 April to decide on whether to leave their spectator limits unchanged, or to upscale their allowed capacities.^[61]

On 23 April, UEFA announced that Seville would replace Bilbao as tournament host, while the matches of Dublin would be reallocated to Saint Petersburg for the group stage and London for the round of 16.^[10] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland, the Football Association of Ireland was unable to receive assurances from the Government of Ireland and the Dublin City Council to allow spectators into the stadium.^[62][63][64] Meanwhile, the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) said the sanitary conditions imposed by the Basque Government to host matches in Bilbao were "impossible to comply with", and thus would not allow for spectators to be present.^[65] After being removed as hosts, the Bilbao City Council stated they held UEFA and RFEF "directly responsible for us not staging this sporting event and the unilateral cancellation of our contractual relationships", and threatened legal action for financial compensation.^[66]

Also on 23 April, UEFA announced that local authorities had guaranteed "a minimum of 14,500 spectators" for the matches scheduled in Munich, which was therefore confirmed as host of four games.^[10] However, both the regional government of Bavaria and the German interior ministry subsequently reiterated their position that there was no such guarantee, and admittance of spectators would depend on the actual pandemic situation at the time of the tournament.^[67] A few days later, UEFA president Čeferin backtracked in an interview with a German newspaper, denying that UEFA had demanded guarantees for games with spectators, and conceding that "the local authorities will decide before the games whether spectators will be admitted or not."^[68][69]

Semi-final and final venue[edit]

Wembley Stadium's hosting of both the semi-finals and the final was threatened over quarantine restrictions in the United Kingdom that fans and 2,500 VIPs would be subject to. The Puskás Aréna in Budapest was considered as an alternative venue, as Hungary would have no entry restrictions for travel within the Schengen Area and could host the matches at full capacity.^[70] A spokesman for the Hungarian Football Federation said the organisation was "ready to host any high-level football event".^[71] However, UEFA remained confident that Wembley could host the final, as the organisation and the UK government discussed quarantine exemptions,^[72] but did not rule out a change in venue.^[73] Minister Kit Malthouse said the government was doing "as much as we possibly can" to host the final,^[74] while prime minister Boris Johnson stated they would try to make "sensible accommodations" for UEFA while still prioritising public health.^[75] Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi said the final should be held in Rome due to rising COVID-19 cases in the United Kingdom.^[76] The following week, it was reported that officials and executives travelling for the matches would not need to self-isolate, though they would be subject to restrictions and required to remain in "football bubbles".^[77][78]

Rule changes[edit]

On 31 March 2021, the UEFA Executive Committee approved the use of a maximum of five substitutions in matches at the tournament (with a sixth allowed in extra time).^[7] However, each team are only given three opportunities to make substitutions, with a fourth opportunity allowed in extra time, excluding substitutions made at half-time, before the start of extra time and at half-time in extra time.^[79] The use of five substitutes has been permitted by IFAB during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the resulting fixture congestion, which has created a greater burden on players.^[80]

At the start of April 2021, UEFA also said they were considering allowing tournament squads to be expanded from the usual 23 players, following calls from national team managers in case of a possible COVID outbreak in a team, as well as to reduce player fatigue caused by the fixture congestion of the prior season.^[81] On 27 April, it was reported that the UEFA National Team Competitions Committee had approved the expansion of squads to 26 players, subject to confirmation by the UEFA Executive Committee.^[82] On 4 May 2021, the executive committee confirmed the use of 26-player squads. However, teams still may only name a maximum of 23 players on the match sheet for each tournament fixture (of which 12 are substitutes), in line with the Laws of the Game. These 23 must include three goalkeepers. It was also announced that after each team's first match, goalkeepers may still be replaced due to physical incapacity, even if the other goalkeepers from the squad are still available.^[83]

Water breaks were permitted so that players could drink from their own personal bottles.^[84] Cooling breaks, first seen at the 2014 FIFA World Cup were also permitted for games played in higher temperatures.^[85]

Special rules due to COVID-19[edit]

On 4 May 2021, the UEFA Executive Committee approved special rules for the final tournament due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe:^[83][86]

• If a group of players of a team were placed into mandatory quarantine or self-isolation following a decision from national or local health officials due to positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, the match will go ahead as scheduled as long as the team had at least 13 players available (including at least one goalkeeper). If fewer than 13 players were available (including at least one goalkeeper), additional players could have been called up to meet the minimum of 13 players required. In such a case, an equivalent number of quarantined players must have been definitively withdrawn from the 26-player list.
• If a team cannot field the minimum required number of players due to positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, the match may be rescheduled within the next 48 hours of the original date of the match by the UEFA administration, subject to viable rescheduling options being available. Additionally, UEFA may reassign the rescheduled match to an alternative venue if deemed appropriate.
• If the match cannot be rescheduled, the UEFA Control, Ethics and Disciplinary Body will decide on the matter. The team responsible for the match not taking place are considered to have forfeited the match and lost 3–0.
• If any member of the appointed referee team has to be replaced due to positive SARS-CoV-2 test, UEFA can exceptionally appoint a match official of the same nationality as one of the teams or not on the FIFA list.

Qualification[edit]

There was no automatic qualifying berth, and all 55 UEFA national teams, including the twelve national teams whose countries were selected to stage matches, had to compete in the qualifiers for the 24 places at the finals tournament.^[87][88] As the host cities were appointed by UEFA in September 2014, before the qualifiers, it was possible for the national teams from the host cities to fail to qualify for the finals tournament. The qualifying draw was held on 2 December 2018 at the Convention Centre Dublin in Dublin, Ireland.^[89]

The main qualifying process started in March 2019, instead of immediately in September 2018 following the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and ended in November 2019. The format remained largely the same, although only 20 of the 24 spots for the finals tournament were decided from the main qualifying process, leaving four spots still to be decided. Following the admission of Kosovo to UEFA in May 2016, it was announced that the 55 members at the time would be drawn into ten groups after the completion of the UEFA Nations League (five groups of five teams and five groups of six teams, with the four participants of the UEFA Nations League Finals guaranteed to be drawn into groups of five teams), with the top two teams in each group qualifying. The qualifiers were played on double matchdays in March, June, September, October and November 2019.^[90]

With the creation of the UEFA Nations League starting in 2018,^{[91][90][92][93]} the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League was linked with Euro qualifying, providing teams another chance to qualify for the tournament. Four teams from each division that had not already qualified for the European Championship competed in the play-offs for each division. The winners of the play-offs for each division, which were decided by two one-off semi-finals (the best-ranked team vs. the lowest-ranked team, and the second-best-ranked team vs. the third-best-ranked team, played at home of higher-ranked teams) and a one-off final (with the venue drawn in advance between the two semi-finals winners), joined the 20 teams that had already qualified for the tournament.^[93]

Qualified teams[edit]

Of the 24 teams that qualified for the tournament, 19 were returning from the 2016 edition. Among them were Belgium and Italy, who both had recorded flawless qualifying campaigns (ten wins in ten matches),^[94][95] defending European champions Portugal and world champions France, with Germany also qualifying for a record 13th straight European Championship.^[96] Finland and North Macedonia made their European Championship debuts, having never previously qualified for a major tournament.^[97][98] Scotland, a co-host of the tournament, qualified for their first major international tournament since the 1998 FIFA World Cup, and their first European Championship since 1996.^[99] The Netherlands and Denmark returned after missing out in 2016, with the Dutch featuring in a major tournament for the first time since the 2014 FIFA World Cup.^[100][101] For the first time, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, and Wales reached successive European Championship tournaments.^[102][103] Greece, winners in 2004, were the only former champions that failed to qualify, missing their second straight European Championship and third consecutive major tournament.^[104] Albania, Iceland, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and Romania failed to qualify after appearing in the 2016 finals.^[105]

Nine out of eleven host countries managed to qualify for the final tournament. Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia and Spain all qualified directly, while Hungary and Scotland qualified only after winning their respective play-off path. Azerbaijan and Romania failed to qualify, with Azerbaijan failing to qualify from the group stage^[106] and Romania losing in the play-off.^[107]

Team[A]	Qualified as	Qualified on	Previous appearances in tournament[B]
Belgium	Group I winner	10 October 2019	5 (1972, 1980, 1984, 2000, 2016)
Italy	Group J winner	12 October 2019	9 (1968, 1980, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Russia[C]	Group I runner-up	13 October 2019	11 (1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Poland	Group G winner	13 October 2019	3 (2008, 2012, 2016)
Ukraine	Group B winner	14 October 2019	2 (2012, 2016)
Spain	Group F winner	15 October 2019	10 (1964, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
France	Group H winner	14 November 2019	9 (1960, 1984, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Turkey	Group H runner-up	14 November 2019	4 (1996, 2000, 2008, 2016)
England	Group A winner	14 November 2019	9 (1968, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2016)
Czech Republic[D]	Group A runner-up	14 November 2019	9 (1960, 1976, 1980, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Finland	Group J runner-up	15 November 2019	0 (debut)
Sweden	Group F runner-up	15 November 2019	6 (1992, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Croatia	Group E winner	16 November 2019	5 (1996, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Austria	Group G runner-up	16 November 2019	2 (2008, 2016)
Netherlands	Group C runner-up	16 November 2019	9 (1976, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012)
Germany[E]	Group C winner	16 November 2019	12 (1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Portugal	Group B runner-up	17 November 2019	7 (1984, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016)
Switzerland	Group D winner	18 November 2019	4 (1996, 2004, 2008, 2016)
Denmark	Group D runner-up	18 November 2019	8 (1964, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2012)
Wales	Group E runner-up	19 November 2019	1 (2016)
North Macedonia	Play-off Path D winner	12 November 2020	0 (debut)
Hungary	Play-off Path A winner	12 November 2020	3 (1964, 1972, 2016)
Slovakia[D]	Play-off Path B winner	12 November 2020	4 (1960, 1976, 1980, 2016)
Scotland	Play-off Path C winner	12 November 2020	2 (1992, 1996)

Venues[edit]

The 13 original venues were selected and announced by UEFA on 19 September 2014.^[111] However, the UEFA Executive Committee removed Brussels as a host city on 7 December 2017 due to delays with the building of Eurostadium. The four matches (three group stage, one round of 16) initially scheduled to be held in Brussels were reallocated to Wembley Stadium in London.^[9] On 23 April 2021, UEFA announced that due to a lack of guarantees regarding spectators caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Aviva Stadium in Dublin was removed as a tournament host. Their four matches were reallocated to Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg for the three group stage matches, and Wembley Stadium in London for the round of 16 fixture. Similarly, UEFA reassigned the four matches in Spain elsewhere in the country, with La Cartuja in Seville replacing San Mamés in Bilbao.^[10]

On 7 December 2017, it was also announced that the opening match would take place at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, chosen ahead of Amsterdam, Glasgow and Saint Petersburg. UEFA decided that the opening match would feature Italy if they qualified.^[9][112]

Of the eleven selected cities and countries, seven cities and six countries had never hosted a European Championship finals match before. Seville was not a venue when Spain hosted the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and none of Azerbaijan, Denmark, Hungary, Romania, Russia or Scotland had hosted the tournament previously. Of the eleven selected stadiums, only two had hosted a European Championship match before: the Stadio Olimpico (1968 and 1980) and the Johan Cruyff Arena (2000). The original Wembley stadium hosted games and the final in UEFA Euro 1996, but although it stood on the same site, this was classified as a different stadium to the current Wembley Stadium.

Each city hosted three group stage matches and one match in the round of 16 or quarter-finals, with the exception of Saint Petersburg, which hosted six group stage matches, and London, which hosted host two matches in the round of 16. The match allocation for the eleven stadiums is as follows:

• Group stage, round of 16, semi-finals and final: London (England)
• Group stage and quarter-finals: Baku (Azerbaijan), Munich (Germany), Rome (Italy), Saint Petersburg (Russia)
• Group stage and round of 16: Amsterdam (Netherlands), Bucharest (Romania), Budapest (Hungary), Copenhagen (Denmark), Glasgow (Scotland), Seville (Spain)

Group stage hosts[edit]

The host cities were divided into six pairings, established on the basis of sporting strength (assuming all host teams qualify), geographical considerations and security/political constraints. The pairings were allocated to groups by means of a random draw on 7 December 2017. Each qualified host country played a minimum of two matches at home. The following group venue pairings were announced:^[9]

• Group A: Rome (Italy) and Baku (Azerbaijan)
• Group B: Saint Petersburg (Russia) and Copenhagen (Denmark)
• Group C: Amsterdam (Netherlands) and Bucharest (Romania)
• Group D: London (England) and Glasgow (Scotland)
• Group E: Originally Bilbao (Spain) and Dublin (Republic of Ireland)
  • Later changed to Seville (Spain) and Saint Petersburg (Russia)^[a]
• Group F: Munich (Germany) and Budapest (Hungary)

The following criteria applied to define the home matches of host teams within the same group:^[113]

• If both host teams qualified directly or both advanced to the play-offs, a draw determined which team would play all three group stage matches at home (including the head-to-head match), and which one played only two matches at home.
• If one host team qualified directly, and the other failed to also directly qualify, the directly qualified host team played all three group stage matches at home, and the other host, if qualified, would play only two.
• If one host team advanced to the play-offs, and the other was eliminated, the host team in the play-offs, if qualified, had played all three group stage matches at home.
• No action was necessary should both host teams failed to have qualified.

If a host team in the play-offs failed to qualify, the path winner would take the spot of the host in the match schedule and therefore would play the two or three matches based on the above criteria in the host city of the respective host that failed to qualify. The draw took place on 22 November 2019, 12:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland (along with the draw for the play-offs).^[114] In the draw, which was only necessary for Group B (Denmark and Russia), two balls were prepared, with the first drawn hosting the three matches.^[115]

Allocation of group stage home matches to host countries

Group	Host	Status of host	Draw	Number of home matches
				Three	Two
A	Azerbaijan	Eliminated in qualifying group stage	No	Italy	None
	Italy	Qualified directly to finals
B	Denmark	Qualified directly to finals	Yes	Denmark	Russia
	Russia	Qualified directly to finals
C	Netherlands	Qualified directly to finals	No	Netherlands	None
	Romania	Eliminated via play-offs
D	England	Qualified directly to finals	No	England	Scotland
	Scotland	Qualified via play-offs
E	Republic of Ireland[a]	Eliminated via play-offs	No	Spain	None
	Spain	Qualified directly to finals
F	Germany	Qualified directly to finals	No	Germany	Hungary
	Hungary	Qualified via play-offs

Spectator limits[edit]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions on public gatherings, many of the venues at the tournament were unable to operate at full capacity. UEFA asked each host to devise a spectator plan in conjunction with their local/national government and health authorities. The hosts were given a deadline of 7 April 2021 to communicate their plans with UEFA. On 9 April, UEFA announced that eight of the tournament hosts had confirmed their stadium capacities, ranging from 25% to 100%. The remaining four hosts (Bilbao, Dublin, Munich and Rome) were given an extension until 23 April to submit their venue capacities.^[58] On 14 April, UEFA announced that Rome had also confirmed its venue capacity.^[59] On 23 April, the venue capacity for Munich was also confirmed, while Bilbao was replaced by Seville, which could guarantee spectators. In addition, Dublin was removed as a host, as it was unable to ensure spectators could attend.^[10]

Many of the matches did not see stadiums filled to their allowed capacity, with only Netherlands group stage matches that were played at the Johan Cruyff Arena seeing the stadium come within less than a thousand seats of being full. The match between England and Croatia saw an attendance of 18,497, compared to the allowed capacity of 22,500, with UEFA suggesting quarantine restrictions as the cause for the smaller attendance.^[116]

Allowed capacities of UEFA Euro 2020 venues

City	Venue	Standard capacity	Allowed capacity
Amsterdam	Johan Cruyff Arena	54,990	At least 33% (approximately 16,000), subject to possible increase[117]
Baku	Olympic Stadium	68,700	50% (approximately 34,350), with no foreign spectators permitted other than citizens of participating teams[118]
Bucharest	Arena Națională	55,600	At least 25% (approximately 13,000) for the group stage and 50% (approximately 25,000) for the round of 16 match[119][120]
Budapest	Puskás Aréna	67,215	Full capacity, subject to spectators fulfilling strict stadium entry requirements
Copenhagen	Parken Stadium	38,065	40% (approximately 15,900) for the first match against Finland and 67% (approximately 25,000) for the remaining two group stage matches and the round of 16 match.[121]
Glasgow	Hampden Park	51,866	25% (approximately 12,000)[122]
London	Wembley Stadium	90,000	25% (approximately 22,500) for the group stage and the first match in the round of 16, 50% (approximately 45,000) for the second match in the round of 16 and 67% (approximately 60,000) for the semi-finals and final[123]
Munich	Allianz Arena	70,000	20% (14,000)[124]
Rome	Stadio Olimpico	70,634	At least 25% (approximately 17,659), subject to possible increase[125]
Saint Petersburg	Krestovsky Stadium	68,134	At least 50% (approximately 34,067), subject to possible increase
Seville	Estadio de La Cartuja	60,000	30% (approximately 18,000)

Team base camps[edit]

Each team chose a "team base camp" for its stay between the matches. The teams trained and resided in these locations throughout the tournament, travelling to games staged away from their bases. Unlike previous tournaments, each team could set up their base camp anywhere due to the pan-European format, without any obligation of staying in any of the host countries.^[126]

The base camps selected by the 20 directly qualified teams were announced by UEFA on 27 January 2020.^[127] The base camps of the remaining teams qualified via the play-offs were announced in 2021.^[128]

Team	Base camp
Austria	Seefeld in Tirol, Austria
Belgium	Tubize, Belgium
Croatia	Rovinj, Croatia[a]
Czech Republic	Prague, Czech Republic[b]
Denmark	Helsingør, Denmark
England	Burton upon Trent, England
Finland	Repino, Saint Petersburg, Russia
France	Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines, France
Germany	Herzogenaurach, Germany
Hungary	Telki, Hungary
Italy	Coverciano, Florence, Italy
Netherlands	Zeist, Netherlands
North Macedonia	Bucharest, Romania
Poland	Sopot, Poland[c]
Portugal	Budapest, Hungary
Russia	Novogorsk, Khimki, Russia
Scotland	Hurworth-on-Tees, England[131]
Slovakia	Saint Petersburg, Russia[d]
Spain	Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
Sweden	Gothenburg, Sweden[e]
Switzerland	Rome, Italy
Turkey	Baku, Azerbaijan
Ukraine	Bucharest, Romania
Wales	Baku, Azerbaijan

Final draw[edit]

The draw for the final tournament was held on 30 November 2019, 18:00 CET (19:00 local time, EET) at Romexpo in Bucharest, Romania.^{[134][135][136][106]} The 24 teams were drawn into six groups of four. The identity of the four play-off teams were not known at the time of the draw and were identified as play-off winners A to D.^[137] Should there have been groups that could not be finalised at the time of the final tournament draw, another draw would have been held after the play-offs on 1 April 2020,^[1] but UEFA confirmed the additional draw was not necessary after the identity of the 20 directly qualified teams and the 16 play-offs teams was known.^[115]

The teams were seeded in accordance with the European Qualifiers overall ranking based on their results in UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying. The following was the standard composition of the draw pots:^[138]

• Pot 1: Group winners ranked 1–6
• Pot 2: Group winners ranked 7–10, group runners-up ranked 1–2 (11–12 overall)
• Pot 3: Group runners-up ranked 3–8 (13–18 overall)
• Pot 4: Group runners-up ranked 9–10 (19–20 overall), play-off winners A–D (identity unknown at the time of the draw)

As two host teams from the same group could not be in the same seeding pot, the UEFA Emergency Panel would have either switched one host team with the lowest-ranked team of the higher pot, or switched one host team with the highest-ranked team of the lower pot (based on the principle that the move would have minimal impact on the original seeding). However, no seeding adjustments were necessary.

The draw started with Pot 1 and completed with Pot 4, from where a team was drawn and assigned to the first available group. The position in the group (for the determination of the match schedule) was then drawn. In the draw, the following conditions applied (including for teams that could still qualify via the play-offs):^[139]

• Automatic group assignments: Host teams were automatically assigned to their group based on the host city pairings.
• Prohibited clashes: For political reasons, UEFA set pairs of teams that were considered prohibited clashes. In addition to being unable to be drawn into the same group, non-host teams were prevented from being drawn into a group hosted by a country they clash with, even should the host not qualify. Only one prohibited clash, Russia / Ukraine, applied during the group stage draw. Other prohibited clashes among qualified and play-off teams were Kosovo / Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo / Serbia, but the teams in these pairs were all in the play-offs and in Pot 4 for the draw, and would not be in the same group; Kosovo / Russia was also prohibited,^[140] but they also would not be in the same group due to play-off path pairings necessary for host allocation. However, these prohibited clashes would not be excluded for the knockout phase.

Play-off path group allocation[edit]

Due to the format of the play-offs, which made anticipating all possible scenarios impossible, the UEFA administration had to wait to solve issues relating to the final tournament draw until the completion of the qualifying group stage.^[113] It was not possible for UEFA to prevent one of the play-off paths from containing two host teams, resulting in Romania (Group C hosts) and Hungary (Group F hosts) being drawn together in Path A. Therefore, the winner of this play-off path needed to be assigned two groups in the final tournament draw. To allow for this, Path A was paired with Path D (which does not contain a host), therefore providing a clear scenario for each possible qualified team. A draw took place on 22 November 2019, 12:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland (along with the play-offs draw), which decided on the order of priority for the allocation of Path A to the final tournament groups.^[115]

Two balls were prepared containing the names of the two groups hosted by the teams in question (Group C and Group F for Romania and Hungary, respectively). The first ball drawn determined the group ("priority group") that was allocated to Path A, except for the host team of the second ball drawn ("non-priority group") winning Path A. In the draw, Group F was selected as the priority group, resulting in the following possible outcomes:

• Path A is won by Bulgaria, Hungary, or Iceland: The winner of Path A will enter Group F, and the winner of Path D will enter Group C. (As Romania lost in the semi-finals of the play-offs, this was the resulting group assignment.)
• Path A is won by Romania: Romania will enter Group C, and the winner of Path D will enter Group F.

Seeding[edit]

The following was the composition of the pots, with teams divided and seeded as per their European Qualifiers overall ranking:^[141]

Pot 1

Team	Host	Rank
Belgium[a]		1
Italy	Group A	2
England	Group D	3
Germany	Group F	4
Spain	Group E	5
Ukraine[a]		6

Pot 2

Team	Host	Rank
France		7
Poland		8
Switzerland		9
Croatia		10
Netherlands	Group C	11
Russia	Group B	12

Pot 3

Team	Host	Rank
Portugal		13
Turkey		14
Denmark	Group B	15
Austria		16
Sweden		17
Czech Republic		18

Pot 4^[b]

Team	Host	Rank
Wales		19
Finland		20
Play-off winner A	Group C & F[c]	—
Play-off winner B	Group E[d]
Play-off winner C	Group D[e]
Play-off winner D[f]

Draw results and group fixtures[edit]

The draw resulted in the following groups (teams in italics are play-off winners whose identity was not known at the time of the draw):

Group A

Team
Turkey
Italy
Wales
Switzerland

Group B

Team
Denmark
Finland
Belgium
Russia

Group C

Team
Netherlands
Ukraine
Austria
North Macedonia

Group D

Team
England
Croatia
Scotland
Czech Republic

Group E

Team
Spain
Sweden
Poland
Slovakia

Group F

Team
Hungary
Portugal
France
Germany

The fixtures for the group stage were decided based on the draw results, as follows:

Note: Positions for scheduling did not use the seeding pots, and instead used the draw positions, e.g. Team 1 was not necessarily the team from Pot 1 in the draw.

Group stage schedule

Matchday	Dates	Matches
Matchday 1	11–15 June 2021	1 v 2, 3 v 4
Matchday 2	16–19 June 2021	1 v 3, 2 v 4
Matchday 3	20–23 June 2021	4 v 1, 2 v 3

Squads[edit]

To lessen the load on players due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in case of an outbreak within a team, squad sizes were increased from 23 (used at every European Championship since 2004) to 26. However, the maximum number of players permitted on the match sheet for each tournament fixture remained 23.^[83] Each nation's squad, which had to include three goalkeepers, was submitted at least ten days before the opening match of the tournament (by 1 June 2021). If a player became injured or ill severely enough to prevent his participation in the tournament before his team's first match, he could be replaced by another player;^[1] however, goalkeepers could still be replaced after their team's first match due to physical incapacity.^[83]

Match officials[edit]

On 27 September 2018, the UEFA Executive Committee approved the use of the video assistant referee (VAR) system for the first time at the UEFA European Championship.^[8] On 12 February 2020, UEFA and CONMEBOL signed a memorandum of understanding to enhance collaboration, including the possibility of a team of South American match officials appointed for the group stage of the tournament.^[142]

On 21 April 2021, UEFA announced the 19 refereeing teams for the tournament.^[143] This included Argentine referee Fernando Rapallini and his assistants, who were the first South American officials to be selected for the European Championship as part of UEFA's referee exchange programme with CONMEBOL. A group of Spanish officials were similarly selected for the 2021 Copa América.^[144]

A refereeing team of nine officials was appointed for each match. The team of five at the stadium consisted of a referee, two assistant referees, a fourth official and a reserve assistant referee.^[144] In addition, four video match officials were located at UEFA's headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. This team consisted of a video assistant referee (the lead video official who was the main point of contact with the referee), an assistant video assistant referee (AVAR 1, who concentrated on following the match), an offside VAR (AVAR 2, who reviewed all potential offside situations) and a support VAR (AVAR 3, who acted in a coordination capacity).^[145] The tournament used the 2021 Laws of the Game, which came into force on 1 July but could be introduced in competitions that began immediately beforehand.^[146]

Refereeing teams

Country	Referee	Assistant referees	Matches assigned[147]
Germany	Felix Brych	Mark Borsch Stefan Lupp	Netherlands–Ukraine (Group C) Finland–Belgium (Group B) Belgium–Portugal (Round of 16) Ukraine–England (Quarter-finals) Italy–Spain (Semi-finals)
Turkey	Cüneyt Çakır	Bahattin Duran Tarık Ongun	Hungary–Portugal (Group F) Ukraine–Austria (Group C) Croatia–Spain (Round of 16)
Spain	Carlos del Cerro Grande	Juan Carlos Yuste Jiménez Roberto Alonso Fernández	France–Germany (Group F) Croatia–Czech Republic (Group D)
Sweden	Andreas Ekberg	Mehmet Culum Stefan Hallberg	Austria–North Macedonia (Group C)
Israel	Orel Grinfeld	Roy Hassan Idan Yarkoni	Netherlands–Austria (Group C)
Romania	Ovidiu Hațegan	Radu Ghinguleac Sebastian Gheorghe	Poland–Slovakia (Group E) Italy–Wales (Group A)
Russia	Sergei Karasev	Igor Demeshko Maksim Gavrilin	Italy–Switzerland (Group A) Germany–Hungary (Group F) Netherlands–Czech Republic (Round of 16)
Romania	István Kovács	Vasile Marinescu Ovidiu Artene	North Macedonia–Netherlands (Group C)
Netherlands	Björn Kuipers	Sander van Roekel Erwin Zeinstra	Denmark–Belgium (Group B) Slovakia–Spain (Group E) Czech Republic–Denmark (Quarter-finals) Italy–England (Final)
Netherlands	Danny Makkelie	Hessel Steegstra Jan de Vries	Turkey–Italy (Group A) Finland–Russia (Group B) England–Germany (Round of 16) England–Denmark (Semi-finals)
Spain	Antonio Mateu Lahoz	Pau Cebrián Devís Roberto Díaz Pérez del Palomar	Belgium–Russia (Group B) England–Scotland (Group D) Portugal–France (Group F)
England	Michael Oliver	Stuart Burt Simon Bennett	Hungary–France (Group F) Sweden–Poland (Group E) Switzerland–Spain (Quarter-finals)
Italy	Daniele Orsato	Alessandro Giallatini Fabiano Preti	England–Croatia (Group D) Spain–Poland (Group E) Sweden–Ukraine (Round of 16)
Argentina	Fernando Rapallini	Juan Pablo Belatti Diego Bonfá	Ukraine–North Macedonia (Group C) Croatia–Scotland (Group D) France–Switzerland (Round of 16)
Germany	Daniel Siebert	Jan Seidel Rafael Foltyn	Scotland–Czech Republic (Group D) Sweden–Slovakia (Group E) Wales–Denmark (Round of 16)
Portugal	Artur Soares Dias	Rui Tavares Paulo Soares	Turkey–Wales (Group A) Czech Republic–England (Group D)
England	Anthony Taylor	Gary Beswick Adam Nunn	Denmark–Finland (Group B) Portugal–Germany (Group F) Italy–Austria (Round of 16)
France	Clément Turpin	Nicolas Danos Cyril Gringore	Wales–Switzerland (Group A) Russia–Denmark (Group B)
Slovenia	Slavko Vinčić	Tomaž Klančnik Andraž Kovačič	Spain–Sweden (Group E) Switzerland–Turkey (Group A) Belgium–Italy (Quarter-finals)

In addition, UEFA announced 22 video match officials and twelve support match officials (who acted as fourth official or reserve assistant referee).^[143] This included support referee Stéphanie Frappart, the first female official at the UEFA European Championship finals.^[144]

Video match officials

Country	Video assistant referees	Offside VAR
England	Stuart Attwell Chris Kavanagh	Lee Betts
France	Jérôme Brisard François Letexier	Benjamin Pagès
Germany	Bastian Dankert Christian Dingert Marco Fritz	Christian Gittelmann
Italy	Marco Di Bello Massimiliano Irrati Paolo Valeri	Filippo Meli
Netherlands	Kevin Blom Pol van Boekel
Poland	Paweł Gil
Portugal	João Pinheiro
Spain	Alejandro Hernández Hernández Juan Martínez Munuera José María Sánchez Martínez	Íñigo Prieto López de Cerain

Support match officials

Country	Fourth official	Reserve assistant referee
Bulgaria	Georgi Kabakov	Martin Margaritov
France	Stéphanie Frappart	Mikaël Berchebru
Italy	Davide Massa	Stefano Alassio
Poland	Bartosz Frankowski	Marcin Boniek
Serbia	Srđan Jovanović	Uroš Stojković
Switzerland	Sandro Schärer	Stéphane De Almeida

Opening ceremony[edit]

The opening ceremony took place at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy, on 11 June 2021 at 20:35 (CEST) prior to the first match of the tournament. Italian opera tenor Andrea Bocelli performed the song "Nessun dorma".^[148] Martin Garrix, Bono and the Edge also featured, performing the tournament's official anthem, "We Are the People". The performance was a virtual one amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and was filmed at motion-control studios in London and at the Stadio Olimpico to recreate the stadium environment in 3D.^[149]

Group stage[edit]

UEFA announced the original tournament schedule on 24 May 2018, which only included kick-off times for the opening match and quarter-finals onward.^[150][151] The kick-off times of the remaining group stage and round of 16 matches were announced on 30 November 2019 following the final draw.^[152] On 17 June 2020, UEFA announced the revised match schedule for the tournament in 2021.^[153][154] All match dates, kick-off times and venues remained identical, but shifted one day earlier so matches would remain on the same day of the week (i.e. from 12 to 11 June for the opening match to remain on a Friday). On 23 April 2021, UEFA revised the venue assignments of the match schedule after one stadium was removed from the tournament and another was replaced.^[155]

Group winners, runners-up, and the best four third-placed teams advanced to the round of 16.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA. If the venue was located in a different time zone, the local time is also given.

Tiebreakers[edit]

If two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following tie-breaking criteria were applied:^[1]

1. Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
2. Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question;
3. Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question;
4. If, after having applied criteria 1 to 3, teams still had an equal ranking, criteria 1 to 3 were reapplied exclusively to the matches between the teams who were still level to determine their final rankings.^[a] If this procedure did not lead to a decision, criteria 5 to 10 applied;
5. Superior goal difference in all group matches;
6. Higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
7. Higher number of wins in all group matches;^[b]
8. If on the last round of the group stage, two teams were facing each other and each had the same number of points, as well as the same number of goals scored and conceded, and the score finished level in their match, their ranking was determined by a penalty shoot-out. (This criterion was not used if more than two teams had the same number of points.);
9. Lower disciplinary points total in all group matches (1 point for a single yellow card, 3 points for a red card as a consequence of two yellow cards, 3 points for a direct red card, 4 points for a yellow card followed by a direct red card);
10. Higher position in the European Qualifiers overall ranking.

Notes

Group A[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Italy (H)	3	3	0	0	7	0	+7	9	Advance to knockout phase
2	Wales	3	1	1	1	3	2	+1	4[a]
3	Switzerland	3	1	1	1	4	5	−1	4[a]
4	Turkey	3	0	0	3	1	8	−7	0

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Group B[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Belgium	3	3	0	0	7	1	+6	9	Advance to knockout phase
2	Denmark (H)	3	1	0	2	5	4	+1	3[a]
3	Finland	3	1	0	2	1	3	−2	3[a]
4	Russia (H)	3	1	0	2	2	7	−5	3[a]

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Group C[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Netherlands (H)	3	3	0	0	8	2	+6	9	Advance to knockout phase
2	Austria	3	2	0	1	4	3	+1	6
3	Ukraine	3	1	0	2	4	5	−1	3
4	North Macedonia	3	0	0	3	2	8	−6	0

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Group D[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	England (H)	3	2	1	0	2	0	+2	7	Advance to knockout phase
2	Croatia	3	1	1	1	4	3	+1	4[a]
3	Czech Republic	3	1	1	1	3	2	+1	4[a]
4	Scotland (H)	3	0	1	2	1	5	−4	1

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Group E[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Sweden	3	2	1	0	4	2	+2	7	Advance to knockout phase
2	Spain (H)	3	1	2	0	6	1	+5	5
3	Slovakia	3	1	0	2	2	7	−5	3
4	Poland	3	0	1	2	4	6	−2	1

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Group F[edit]

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	France	3	1	2	0	4	3	+1	5	Advance to knockout phase
2	Germany (H)	3	1	1	1	6	5	+1	4[a]