Significant New Alternatives Policy

The Significant New Alternatives Policy (also known as Section 612 of the Clean Air Act or SNAP, promulgated at 40 CFR part 82 Subpart G) is a program of the EPA to determine acceptable chemical substitutes, and establish which are prohibited or regulated by the EPA.[1] It also establishes a program by which new alternatives may be accepted, and promulgates timelines to the industry regarding phase-outs of substitutes.

Scope[edit]

Originally, Section 612 was limited by ozone-depleting chemicals. However, after passing regulations to phase-out R134a, an HFC refrigerant with no ozone-depleting potential, this phase-out was defended by a subsidiary of DuPont siding with the EPA as it was challenged by a major manufacturer of R134a, and was struck down in 2017. This decision was upheld in 2018.[2][3] In 2021, a new law was passed as part of the appropriations bill extending the EPA's scope to substances with high GWP as well.[4]

The EPA looks at available chemical substitutes in the following industrial sectors:

  • Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
  • Aerosols
  • Cleaning Solvents
  • Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
  • Foam Blowing Agents
  • Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
  • Sterilants
  • Tobacco Expansion

Evaluations are ongoing as technological understanding improves, and can only prohibit substance where the EPA has determined other available substitutes that pose less overall risk to human health and the environment.[5]

Submittal process[edit]

In order to submit new proposed chemicals, along with general contact and marketing information, for a complete submittal, the EPA requires reports on:

  • Impurities
  • Byproducts
  • Degradation Products
  • Test Marketing
  • Physical Properties including:
    • molecular weight
    • physical state
    • melting point
    • boiling point
    • specific gravity
    • If a blend
      • bubble point
      • dew point
    • If flammable
      • lower flammability limit
      • upper flammability limit
      • flash point
  • Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
  • Global Warming Potential (GWP)
  • VOC content
  • Proposed cost
  • Toxicity Limits
    • Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
    • Short-Term Exposure Limits (STELs)
    • Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
    • Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
    • Workplace Environmental Exposure Limits (WEELs)
    • acceptable exposure limits (AELs)
    • Toxicological studies
  • SDS
  • Environmental/Health and Safety Law Review
  • Industry/Application-specific Use Profile

[6]

Refrigerants[edit]

One important, changing aspect of SNAP is its effect on the HVAC industry. Particularly because it decides which refrigerants may be legally used, it coordinates refrigerant phaseouts in the U.S., and which are prohibited against venting in concordance with Section 608. The following is a list of accepted refrigerants, or phase-out periods according to the EPA.

MVAC Passenger Air Conditioning in Vehicles[7] MVAC Passenger Air Conditioning in Buses and Trains[8] Centrifugal Chillers[9] Positive Displacement Chillers[10] Industrial Process Refrigeration[11] Cold Storage Warehouse[12] Commercial Ice Machines[13] Household Refrigerators and Freezers[14] Ice Skating Rinks[15] Industrial Process Air Conditioning[16] Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps[17] Residential Dehumidifiers[18] Refrigerated Transport[19] Stand Alone Equipment[20] Refrigerated Food Processing and Dispensing Equipment[21] Remote Condensing Units[22] Typical Supermarket Systems[23] Vending machines[24] Very Low Temperature Refrigeration[25] Water Coolers[26]
Ammonia / Water Absorption Acceptable
Ammonia Absorption Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Ammonia Vapor Compression Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Ammonia Vapor Compression with Secondary Loop Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Chlorine Acceptable
Cryogenic Transport Refrigeration System Acceptable
Desiccant Cooling Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Direct Nitrogen Expansion Acceptable Acceptable
Evaporative Cooling Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
FOR12A Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019. Acceptable
FOR12B Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
Freeze 12 Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
G2018C Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
GHG-HP Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
GHG-X5 Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
HC Blend A Acceptable
HC Blend B Acceptable
HCFC-123 Acceptable Acceptable
HCFC-124 Acceptable Acceptable
HCFC-22 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
HCFC-22/HCFC-142b Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
HCFO-1233zd(E) Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
HFC-134a Unacceptable as of Model Year (MY) 2021, except where allowed under a narrowed use limit through MY 2025. Unacceptable for all newly manufactured vehicles as of MY 2026. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for military marine vessels and human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for military marine vessels and human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable, Applicable to new uses below 125 degrees F ambient Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019. Acceptable
HFC-134a/HBr (92/8) Acceptable Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. Acceptable Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements.
HFC-152a Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable
HFC-227ea Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable with Use Conditions: When manufactured using any process that does not convert perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) directly to HFC-236fa in a single step. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017 Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017
HFC-23 Acceptable Acceptable
HFC-32 Acceptable with Use Conditions
HFC-236fa Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable
HFC-245fa Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
HFE-347mcc3 (heptafluoropropyl methyl ether) Acceptable Acceptable
HFE-449s1 (methoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems.
HFE-569sf2 (ethoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems.
HFO-1234ze Acceptable Acceptable
HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene) Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
HFO-1336mzz(Z)/dichloroethylene blend (R-514A) Acceptable Acceptable
Ikon A Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Ikon B Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
ISCEON 89 Acceptable
NARM-502 Acceptable Acceptable
Pressure stepdown Acceptable
R-1224yd(Z) Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-125/R-134a/R-600a (28.1/70.0/1.9) Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-170 (Ethane) Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-1270 (Propylene) Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. Acceptable Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017. Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017.
R-290 (Propane) Acceptable Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions: For use in self-contained room air conditioningee rule for detailed conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-401A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-401B Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-402A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-402B Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-403B Acceptable Acceptable
R-404A Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019. Acceptable Acceptable
R-406A Unacceptable as of MY 2017 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-407A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable
R-407B Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017.
R-407C Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019. Acceptable Acceptable
R-407D Acceptable
R-407F Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable
R-407H Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-408A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-409A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-410A Acceptable Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable Acceptable
R-410B Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable Acceptable
R-411A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-411B Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-414A Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-414B Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-416A Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-417A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-417C Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-420A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-421A Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-421B Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017. Acceptable
R-422A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017.
R-422B Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-422C Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable Acceptable
R-422D Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-423A Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Acceptable
R-424A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable
R-426A Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-427A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-428A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017.
R-434A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017. Acceptable
R-437A Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-438A Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
R-441A Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions: For use in self-contained room air conditioning Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-442A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-443A Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017. Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017.
R-448A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable: Low temperature Use Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-449A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable: Low temperature Use Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-449B Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable: Low temperature Use Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-450A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-452A Acceptable
R-452B Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only.
R-452C Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only. Acceptable
R-453A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only. Acceptable
R-454A Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-454B Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-454C Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-457A Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-458A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-507, R-507A Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2018 Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016. Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017. Unacceptable in retrofit equipment as of July 20, 2016.Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019. Acceptable Acceptable
R-508A Acceptable Acceptable
R-508B Acceptable Acceptable
R-513A Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable with Use Conditions: Low temperature Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-515B Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
R-600 (Butane) Acceptable Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable with Use Conditions
R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
RB-276 Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
RS-24 (2002 formulation) Acceptable with Use Conditions Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
RS-44 (2003 formulation) Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable
Self-chilling cans using CO2 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
SP34E Unacceptable as of MY 2017. Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019 Acceptable
Stirling Cycle Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
THR-01 Acceptable
THR-02 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
THR-03 Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable with Use Conditions: For use in residential window unit air conditioning. Acceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
THR-04 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Acceptable
Water / Lithium Bromide Absorption Acceptable

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "§ 82.170 Purpose and scope". eCFR.
  2. ^ "MEXICHEM FLUOR, INC., PETITIONER v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY" (PDF).
  3. ^ "Mexichem Fluor, Inc. v. EPA".
  4. ^ "H. R. 133" (PDF). p. 1074.
  5. ^ "Overview of SNAP". EPA. 16 June 2015.
  6. ^ "THE SIGNIFICANT NEW ALTERNATIVES POLICY (SNAP) PROGRAM INFORMATION NOTICE INSTRUCTION MANUAL" (PDF). EPA. July 2020.
  7. ^ "Substitutes in MVAC: Passenger Air Conditioning in Light-Duty, Medium-Duty, Heavy-Duty and Off-Road Vehicles". 13 November 2014.
  8. ^ "Substitutes in MVAC: Passenger Air Conditioning in Buses and Trains". 13 November 2014.
  9. ^ "Substitutes in Centrifugal Chillers". 5 November 2014.
  10. ^ "Substitutes in Positive Displacement Chillers". 8 September 2017.
  11. ^ "Substitutes in Industrial Process Refrigeration". 13 November 2014.
  12. ^ "Substitutes in Cold Storage Warehouse". 13 November 2014.
  13. ^ "Substitutes in Commercial Ice Machines". 13 November 2014.
  14. ^ "Substitutes in Household Refrigerators and Freezers". 13 November 2014.
  15. ^ "Substitutes in Ice Skating Rinks". 13 November 2014.
  16. ^ "Substitutes in Industrial Process Air Conditioning". 13 November 2014.
  17. ^ "Substitutes in Residential and Light Commercial Conditioning and Heat Pumps". 13 November 2014.
  18. ^ "Substitutes in Residential Dehumidifiers". 13 November 2014.
  19. ^ "Substitutes in Refrigerated Transport". 13 November 2014.
  20. ^ "Substitutes in Stand Alone Equipment". 13 November 2014.
  21. ^ "Substitutes in Refrigerated Food Processing and Dispensing Equipment". 26 May 2016.
  22. ^ "Substitutes in Remote Condensing Units". 13 November 2014.
  23. ^ "Substitutes in Typical Supermarket Systems". 27 July 2015.
  24. ^ "Substitutes in Vending Machines". 13 November 2014.
  25. ^ "Substitutes in Very Low Temperature Refrigeration". 13 November 2014.
  26. ^ "Substitutes in Water Coolers". 13 November 2014.

External links[edit]

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