Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine

For a chronological order of battles, see List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

This is the order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It should not be considered completely up to date nor accurate, being based on open-source press reporting.

An updated order of battle estimate for April 23, 2023, by the Institute for the Study of War is accessible at:

Russian forces in 2022[edit]

Senior commanders for the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
General of the Army Sergei Shoigu, Minister of Defence
General of the Army Valery Gerasimov, Chief of the General Staff and commander of Russian forces in Ukraine

Administrative chain of command[edit]

Commanders of the various MOD armed services and branches do not have operational control over the forces. They are responsible for force development and generation. The Chiefs of the ground forces, the aerospace forces, the navy, the strategic missile forces and the airborne forces also hold the appointments of Deputy Ministers of Defence, junior to the Chief of the General Staff, who is the First Deputy Minister of Defence.

The General Staff commands and controls forces through the National Defence Management Centre (NDMC). Operational control of the forces is carried out by the five Operational-Strategic Commands - the Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Military Districts and the OSK Northern Fleet, which is their equal. The Western and the Southern Military Districts share borders with Ukraine and are directly involved in the command and control of the operations.

Pre-2022 Russian military doctrine had specified that on the outbreak of war, armed forces from non-MOD services (like Rosgvardiya) would be placed under the General Staff.[1]

Initial force groupings[edit]

Ukrainian military commentator Yuri Butusov listed the following initial March 2022 deployment of Russian/allied forces:[13]

Southwestern Belarus grouping (blocking contingent against Ukrainian forces in Western Ukraine):

  • located around Brest, Luninets, Baranovichi, Osipovichi and Minsk
  • including forces from the Northern Fleet (200th (Arctic) Motor Rifle Brigade, 61st Guards Naval Infantry Brigade) and the VDV (76th and 98th Guards airborne divisions), estimated strength of 6–7 battalion tactical groups

Southeastern Belarus grouping (Kyiv offensive direction):

  • located around Vepri, Elsin, Bragin, Khainini, Rechitsya and Mozir
  • including forces from the 5th, 35th and 36th Combined Arms Armies, estimated strength of 7–9 battalion tactical groups

Bryansk grouping (Chernihiv offensive direction):

  • located around Klimovo, Klintsi, Pochep and Sevsk
  • including forces from the 41st Combined Arms Army and the 90th Guards Tank Division, estimated strength of 3 battalion tactical groups

Kursk – Belgorod grouping (Sumy offensive direction):

  • located around Tomarovka, Vesela Lopan', Zorino, Pristen', Kursk and Belgorod
  • including forces from the 6th and 20th combined arms armies, estimated strength of 4 battalion tactical groups

Voronezh grouping (Kharkiv offensive direction):

  • located around Stariy Oskol, Soloti, Valuyki, Boguchar, Pogonovo and Voronezh
  • including forces from the 6th Tank and 20th combined arms armies, estimated strength of 13–14 battalion tactical groups

Smolensk grouping (operational reserve of the northern front)

  • located around Yel'nya
  • including forces from the 20th and 41st combined arms armies, estimated strength of 6–7 battalion tactical groups

Rostov grouping (Donbas and eastern Sea of Azov offensive direction)

  • located around Rostov-on-the-Don and Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
  • including forces from the 8th Combined Arms Army, estimated strength of 6 battalion tactical groups
  • Ukraine says the 8th CAA has operational control over the Donetsk People's Republic People's Militia and the Luhansk People's Republic People's Militia, naming them the Russian 1st and 2nd Army Corps

Crimea grouping (southern Ukraine offensive direction):

  • located around the Crimean Peninsula (Slavne, Dzhankoy, Novoozerne, Yevpatoriya, Sevastopol, Oktyabrskoye, Bakhchisaray, Angarskiy, Feodosiya, Opuk)
  • including forces from the 58th Combined Arms Army and the Black Sea Fleet's 22nd Army Corps (810th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade), estimated strength of up to 13 battalion tactical groups

Kuban grouping (operational reserve of the southern front)

  • located around the Kuban Peninsula (Novorossiysk, Korenovsk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar, Mol'kino and Maykop) and Stavropol
  • including forces from the 49th Combined Arms Army, the Black Sea Fleet's 22nd Army Corps and the VDV's 7th Guards (Mountain) Air Assault Division, estimated strength of 6 battalion tactical groups

Russian leaders 2022-23[edit]

Despite evolving Russian doctrine which specified all troops and forces operating from one Operational-Strategic Command (OSK) be placed under one commander, multiple repeated sources (Rochan Consulting, Center for Naval Analysis, British Ministry of Defence) reported that separate groupings of forces drawn from each of the four military districts, under the leadership of senior personnel from that military district, took part in the initial invasion.[14] President Vladimir Putin was repeatedly reported as taking a very involved stance, sometimes giving orders to field formations.[15]

In April 2022, the invasion began to run into setbacks; Russian forces were forced to withdraw from their attempt to take Kyiv. Therefore to handle a longer war, a single coordinating senior officer was appointed.

  • Army General Aleksandr Dvornikov (8 April 2022 – 25 June 2022): placed in overall charge of military operations in Ukraine, effectively ending the grouping system;[16]
  • Colonel General Gennady Zhidko (26 June 2022 – 7 October 2022): appointed by Vladimir Putin to the top position, replacing Dvornikov;[16]
  • Army General Sergey Surovikin (8 October 2022 – 11 January 2023): previously commander of the Aerospace Forces and Army Group South, replacing Zhidko in overall command.[17]

Russian/affiliated forces in 2023[edit]

Since 12 January 2023, Chief of the General Staff Army General Valery Gerasimov was appointed as commander of military operations in Ukraine, with Surovikin as his deputy.[18]

The actual operational chain of command of the Russian military effort in Ukraine is not public, changes, and is a mix of state and non-state bodies. Personal rivalries are evident. President Vladimir Putin however remains firmly in control, sometimes micromanaging. The loose connection of various mercenary bodies and Ramzan Kadyrov's Chechens to the official command chain[19] has been represented by placing them under headers separate to the Russian Armed Forces.

Scheduling and control of tactical fighter, ground attack, and strategic bomber "sorties" (one flight of one aircraft) is unclear.

On 18 April 2023, Russian official sources said that President Putin had held meetings in the Kherson area with several commanders. The President "..received reports from the commander of the Dnepr forces grouping, General Lieutenant Oleg Makarevich, the commander of the Vostok [Eastern] forces grouping, General Lieutenant Andrey Kuzmenko, and the deputy commander of the combined grouping, General Colonel Mikhail Teplinsky."[20] The meetings likely took place before April 16.

Mercenaries[edit]

Militias[edit]

Reserve units of the Russian Armed Forces[edit]

Chechens[edit]

Spetsnaz units[edit]

Clear evidence as to which Grouping of Forces these brigades belong to is not readily available.

Units returned to Russia:

Joint Group of Forces[edit]

Ukrainian forces[edit]

Senior Ukrainian commanders for the 2022 invasion of Ukraine[375]
Colonel General Oleksandr Syrskyi, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
Lieutenant General Yurii Sodol, Commander of the Joint Operational Command

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ According to the Law "On The National Guard of Ukraine" ("Про Національну гвардію України") Article 6, paragraph 3: "With the enactment of a state of martial law, the National Guard of Ukraine shall be prepared to perform its assigned tasks and shall be subordinated to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, except for the military units tasked with escorting and guarding people under arrest and those military units guarding diplomatic missions.")[378]
  2. ^ Commanders of the three armed services hold no operational authority. They are subordinated to the commander-in-chief.
  3. ^ According to the Law "On The National Security of Ukraine", the commanders of the armed services and separate combat arms generate the combat units and give over operational control over them to the Commander of the Joint Operational Command
  4. ^ commands the armed forces and security forces contingents facing the Russian-controlled Donbass separatist forces, successor to the previous Anti-Terror Operation (ATO)
  5. ^ previously the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps

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