Obake

Part of a series on
Japanese mythology and folklore
Mythic texts
Kojiki Nihon Shoki Fudoki Kujiki Kogo Shūi Konjaku Monogatarishū Nihon Ryōiki
Divinities
Amaterasu Ame-no-Uzume Inari Izanagi Izanami Kami Myōjin Seven Lucky Gods Susanoo
Legendary creatures and urban legends
Kitsune Oni Onryō Tengu Yōkai Yūrei
Mythical and sacred locations
Mount Hiei Mount Fuji Izumo Ryūgū-jō Takamagahara Yomi Jigoku
Sacred objects
Amenonuhoko Kusanagi Tonbogiri Three Sacred Treasures
Shintō and Buddhism
Bon Festival Setsubun Ema Torii Shinto shrines Buddhist temples
v t e

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (February 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 3,782 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:お化け]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ja|お化け}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Obake (お化け) and bakemono (化け物) are a class of yōkai, preternatural creatures in Japanese folklore. Literally, the terms mean a thing that changes, referring to a state of transformation or shapeshifting.

These words are often translated as "ghost", but primarily they refer to living things or supernatural beings who have taken on a temporary transformation, and these bakemono are distinct from the spirits of the dead.^[1] However, as a secondary usage, the term obake can be a synonym for yūrei, the ghost of a deceased human being.^[2]

A bakemono's true form may be an animal such as a fox (kitsune), a raccoon dog (bake-danuki), a badger (mujina), a transforming cat (bakeneko), the spirit of a plant—such as a kodama, or an inanimate object which may possess a soul in Shinto and other animistic traditions. Obake derived from household objects are often called tsukumogami.

A bakemono usually either disguises itself as a human or appears in a strange or terrifying form such as a hitotsume-kozō, an ōnyūdō, or a noppera-bō. In common usage, any bizarre apparition can be referred to as a bakemono or an obake whether or not it is believed to have some other form, making the terms roughly synonymous with yōkai.^[3]

In Hawaii[edit]

Due to the influence of a large number of Hawaiian population with Japanese ancestry, on the islands of Hawaii the term obake has found its way into the dialect of the local people. Some Japanese stories concerning these creatures have found their way into local culture in Hawaii: numerous sightings of kappa have been reported on the islands, and the Japanese faceless ghosts called noppera-bō have also become well known in Hawaii under the name mujina. This name confusion seems to have stemmed from a story by Lafcadio Hearn titled "Mujina", a story about a badger (mujina) which takes the form of a noppera-bō, rather than being one itself, which first introduced the faceless ghost to the Western world.

Hawaiian folklorist Glen Grant was known for his Obake Files, a series of reports he developed about supernatural incidents in Hawaii. The grand bulk of these incidents and reports were of Japanese origin or concerned obake.^[4]

In popular culture[edit]

Bakemono is featured in The Terror: Infamy, the second season of AMC's television series, The Terror.^[5]

See also[edit]

•  Japan portal

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

• Mayer, Fanny Hagin (March 1974). "Religious Concepts in the Japanese Folktale" (PDF). Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 1 (1): 73–101. doi:10.18874/jjrs.1.1.1974.73-101. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-01-01.
• Grant, Glen; Ross Yamanaka (May 1994). Obake: Ghost Stories in Hawaii. Honolulu: Mutual Pub Co. ISBN 978-1-56647-320-0.

Definitions from two major Japanese dictionaries:

• "Daijisen: Bakemono". Yahoo! Japan Jisho (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-01.
• "Daijirin: Bakemono". Yahoo! Japan Jisho (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-01.
• "Daijisen: Obake". Yahoo! Japan Jisho (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-01.
• "Daijirin: Obake". Yahoo! Japan Jisho (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-01-01.