Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
Franco-Visigothic Wars (492–508) Location: Southern France | Visigothic Kingdom Supported by: Kingdom of the Ostrogoths Kingdom of the Burgundians (pre-507) Alemanni | Frankish kingdom Supported by: Armorica Kingdom of the Burgundians (post-507) Eastern Roman Empire | Frankish victory. |
Burdunellus Revolt (496–497) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Hispano-Romans | Visigothic victory |
Tarraconense Revolt (507) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Hispano-Romans | Visigothic victory |
Conflict over the succession of Alaric II (507–514) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic rebels Frankish kingdom | Ostrogothic Kingdom | Ostrogothic victory |
Vandalic War (533–534) Location: North Africa, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Corsica and Mediterranean Sea | Vandal Kingdom | Byzantine Empire | Byzantine victory |
Gothic War (535–554) Location: Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Dalmatia | | Byzantine Empire Huns Heruli Sclaveni Lombards | Byzantine victory against Ostrogoths, then plans for revenge against Visigoths due to its support to Ildibad and Totila. |
Visigothic revolts against Agila I (550–554) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom loyal to Agila I | Visigoths loyals to Athanagild Hispano-Romans from Córdoba Byzantine Empire | Rebels victory and legitimation for a Byzantine intervention on Spain. |
Byzantine conquest of Visigothic Baetica (551–555) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands | Visigothic Kingdom | Byzantine Empire | Byzantine victory |
Visigothic conquest of Spania (570–624) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Byzantine Empire | Visigothic victory |
Visigothic conquest of Córdoba (572) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Byzantine Empire | Visigothic victory |
Visigothic conquest of Sabaria (573) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Sappi | Visigothic victory |
Visigothic conquest of Cantabria (574) Location: Southern France | Visigothic Kingdom | Cantabri | Visigothic victory |
Second Visigothic–Suevic War (575–577) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Kingdom of the Suebi | Visigothic victory |
Visigothic–Vasconic War (581) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees | Visigothic Kingdom | Vascones | Visigothic victory |
Third Visigothic–Suevic War (585–586) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Visigothic Kingdom | Kingdom of the Suebi | Visigothic victory |
First Muslim invasion of Iberian Peninsula (650s) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea | Visigothic Kingdom co-beligerant: Byzantine Empire | Rashidun Caliphate | Stalemate |
Byzantine incursion against Visigoth Spain (694/702/703) Location: Southern Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea | Visigothic Kingdom | Byzantine Empire | Visigothic victory - Theodemir success in the defense of the Visighotic mediterranean coasts.
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Muslim incursions on the Balearic Islands (8th century–10th century) Location: Balearic Islands and WesternMediterranean Sea | Byzantine Empire Carolingian Empire (799-815) | Umayyad Caliphate (until 750) Emirate of Córdoba (since 759) | Arab victory |
Visigothic Civil War (710–711) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Achila II forces from northeast Hispania | Roderic forces from southwest Hispania | Inconclusive due to Arab-Berber Invasion. |
Umayyad conquest of Hispania (710–780) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea | Visigothic Kingdom | Umayyad Caliphate | Umayyad victory. Start of Spanish Reconquista. |
Umayyad invasion of Gaul (719–759) Location: Southern Gaul (now France) | Frankish kingdom Lombard Kingdom Duchy of Gascony Vascones | Umayyad Caliphate | Frankish victory |
Battle of Covadonga (722) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Umayyad Caliphate | Asturian victory |
Berber Revolt (740–743) Location: Iberian Peninsula and North Africa | Berber insurgents on North Africa and Hispania Kingdom of Asturias | Umayyad Caliphate | |
Yemeni Revolt on the Wali of Al-Andalus (745–756) Location: Iberian Peninsula | 1st phase Supports of Abu'l-Khattar al-Husam ibn Darar al-Kalbi 2nd phase Supports of Abd al-Rahman Revolt of Amer bin Amr al-Abdari Basques of Pamplona | 1st phase Supports of Tuwaba ibn Salama al-Judhami 2nd phase Supports of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri | - Initial victory of the north Arab faction in the first phase. Then of the south Arab faction in the second phase.
- The fugitive Umayyad prince, Abd al-Rahman I, establish an independent Emirate of Córdoba.
- End of al-Andalus rule by governors sent from Damascus or appointed by the recommendation of the Umayyad regional governors of Ifriqiya.
- Christian Iberic kingdom conquers territory of the Upper March.
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Abbasid attempt to conquest Al Andalus (763)[3][4] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Emirate of Córdoba | Abbasid Caliphate | Umayyad victory |
Revolts against Emirate of Cordoba (771–774)[5] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Emirate of Córdoba | Syrians rebels under Abd al-Ghaffar Arab and Berber tribes Abd al-Rahman's enemies | Revolts suppressed. |
Battle of Montecubeiro (774) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Galician rebels | Asturian victory |
Yemeni revolt on the Emirate of Cordoba (777 –781) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea | Arab wāli of Barcelona, Zaragoza and Girona Supported by: Abbasid Caliphate Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire) | Emirate of Córdoba | Revolt suppressed. |
Charlemagne's campaign in the Iberian Peninsula (778–816) Location: Iberian Peninsula, Southern France and Mediterranean Sea | Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire) supported by: | Emirate of Córdoba (Moors) Basques (Pagan) supported by: | |
Battle of the Burbia River (791) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Lutos (794) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Asturian victory |
Battle of Las Babias (795) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Sack of Lisbon (798) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Asturian victory |
Andalusian raids on Sardinia[7] (807–822) | Emirate of Córdoba | Byzantine Empire | Defeat |
Louis the Pious' attempt to control the Marca Hispanica and Vasconia (814–824) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France | | | Basque and Muslim victory - Navarre and Aragon became completely independent from the power of the Frankish rulers
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Andalusian occupation of Alexandria (814–828) Location: Egypt and Mediterranean Sea | Emirate of Alexandria | Abbasid Caliphate Tahirids | Defeat |
Cordoban Razzias against Carolingian Empire (815–856) Location: Spanish March | Frankish kingdom (Carolingian Empire) | Emirate of Córdoba | Mostly Muslim victories and successful sacks. |
Revolt of the Arrabal (818) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Emirate of Córdoba | Citizens of the suburb of Saqunda | Emirate victory |
Andalusian conquest of Crete (824/827–829) Location: Greek islands and Aegean Sea | Emirate of Crete | Byzantine Empire | Andalusian Victory |
Aisso Revolt (826–827) Location: Spanish March | Catalan counties Emirate of Córdoba | Carolingian Empire | Carolingian Victory |
Muslim conquest of Sicily (827–902) Location: Mediterranean Sea, Sicily | Abbasid Caliphate occasional assistance from: Emirate of Cordoba Duchy of Naples | Byzantine Empire occasional assistance from: Venice | Aghlabid conquest of Sicily with andalusian support. |
Carolingian Succession War (830–842) Location: Western Europe and Central Europe | Divisionists Forces Supported by: | Imperialists Forces Supported by: | Divisionist victory |
Viking expedition of 844 Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias Emirate of Córdoba | Norwegian Vikings of Noirmoutier Francia | Asturian and Córdoban victory |
Battle of Albelda (851) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias Duchy of Gascony West Francia | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Guadalacete (852) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias Kingdom of Pamplona Toledo rebels | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea (859) Location: Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea | Kingdom of Asturias Emirate of Córdoba Carolingian Empire Kingdom of Italy | Swedes and Danes Vikings | Defeat |
Battle of the Morcuera (865) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Umar ibn Hafsun's Rebellion (878–928) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Lordship of Bobastro | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Polvoraria (878) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Asturian victory |
First Battle of Cellorigo (882) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Asturian victory |
Second Battle of Cellorigo (883) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Asturian victory |
Raid of 897 against Barcelona (897) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of West Francia | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Day of Zamora (901) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Asturias | Emirate of Córdoba | Asturian victory |
Muslim conquest of Majorca (902/903–910/911) Location: Balearic Islands | Byzantine Majorca | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz (917) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | Emirate of Córdoba | Leonese victory |
Pamplona Campaign (924) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Pamplona | Emirate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Alhandic (939) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | Caliphate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Simancas (939) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León County of Castile | Caliphate of Córdoba | Leonese victory |
Hungarian raid in Spain (942) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern Europe | Caliphate of Córdoba Catalan Counties | Principality of Hungary | Initial Hungarian victory. Lacking food stores and finding insufficient forage, the Hungarians retired after a few days. |
Battle of Aguioncha (966) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Galicia | County of Portugal | Defeat Culmination of a Galician–Portuguese civil war in the Kingdom of León. |
Sack of Santiago de Compostela (968) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Galicia | Norwegian Vikings | Defeat |
Battle of Rueda (981) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona | Caliphate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Sack of Barcelona (985) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Barcelona | Caliphate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Cervera (1000) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona | Caliphate of Córdoba | Defeat |
Battle of Calatañazor (1002) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona | Caliphate of Córdoba | Christian victory |
Battle of Albesa (1003) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Catalan Counties | Caliphate of Córdoba | Cordoban victory |
Razzia of 1003 (1003) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Catalan Counties | Caliphate of Córdoba | Cordoban victory |
Mujahid's invasion of Sardinia (1005–1015) Location: Sardinia | Taifa of Dénia | Republic of Pisa Republic of Genoa Sardinian medieval kingdoms | Defeat |
Fitna of al-Andalus (1009–1031) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Muslim rebels | Caliphate of Córdoba | The caliphate crumbled in 1031 into a number of independent taifas, including the Taifa of Córdoba, Taifa of Seville and Taifa of Zaragoza. |
Normand expedition of 1014 Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | Norwegian Vikings | Defeat |
Castilian-Leonese War (1034–1037) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Castile Kingdom of Pamplona | Kingdom of León | Castillian victory |
Battle of Tafalla (1035/1043)Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Pamplona | County of Aragon Taifa of Zaragoza | Pamplonese victory |
Battle of Atapuerca (1054)Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | Kingdom of Pamplona | Leonese-Castillian victory |
Battle of Graus (1063) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Castile Taifa of Zaragoza | Kingdom of Aragon | Castilian–Zaragozan victory |
Crusade of Barbastro (1064) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon County of Urgell Duchy of Aquitaine Papal States | Emirate of Lārida | Christian victory |
Battle of Paterna (1065) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | Taifa of Valencia | Leonese victory |
War of the Three Sanchos (1065–67) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Aragon | Castilian victory - Castile annexes La Bureba, Montes de Oca and Pancorbo
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Castilian-Leonese War of 1068 Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of León | Castilian victory |
Battle of Pedroso (1071) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Galicia | County of Portugal | Victory García II of Galicia declaring himself King of Portugal. |
Castilian-Leonese War of 1072 Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of León | Castilian victory |
Battle of Almenar (1082) | Catalan counties Muslim Taifa of Lérida | Muslim Zaragoza | Defeat |
Battle of Piedra Pisada (1084) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Christian Aragon | Muslim Zaragoza | Defeat |
Battle of Morella (1084) | Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Aragon Muslim Taifa of Lérida | Muslim Zaragoza | Victory |
Siege of Toledo[8] (1084–85) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Taifa of Toledo | Castilian victory |
Battle of Sagrajas (1086) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Aragon | Almoravids | Defeat |
Siege of Toledo (1090) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Almoravids | Castilian victory |
Siege of Valencia[8] (1092–1094) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Taifa of Valencia Almoravids | Castilian victory. El Cid gets the Lordship of Valencia |
Battle of Cuarte (1094) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Valencia under Cid's rule | Almoravids | Castilian victory. |
Siege of Huesca (1094–1096) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon | Taifa of Zaragoza Kingdom of Castile | Aragonese victory. Start of Aragonese expansion to the south of the Pyrenees. |
First Crusade (1095–1099) Location: Middle East (Levant and Anatolia) | Crusaders | Muslims : | Victory: |
Battle of Alcoraz (1096) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon | Taifa of Zaragoza Kingdom of Castile | Aragonese victory |
Battle of Bairén (1097) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon Valencia under Cid's rule Kingdom of Castile | Almoravid dynasty | Aragonese/Castilian/Valencian victory |
Battle of Consuegra (1097) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León | Almoravid dynasty | Defeat |
Battle of Mollerussa (1102) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Urgell | Almoravid dynasty | Stalemate Death of Ermengol V, Count of Urgell and end of Moroccan expansion |
Conquest of Balaguer (1105) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Barcelona County of Urgell | Almoravid dynasty | Christian victory |
Norwegian Crusade (1107–1110) Location: Iberia, Balearic Islands, Palestine | Kingdom of Jerusalem Norwegian Realm Republic of Venice | Fatimid Caliphate Almoravid Empire Taifa of Badajoz Taifa of Majorca Barbary pirates of Majorca | Crusader victory. |
Battle of Uclés (1108) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León | Almoravid dynasty | Defeat |
Galician Revolt (1110–1112)Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castileand León Kingdom of Aragon and Navarre | Galician Rebels County of Portugal Duchy of Burgundy | Inconclusive - Galicians rebels and loyals to Castilians allies against Aragonese influence.
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Leonese Civil War (1110–1111) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Supporters of Urraca of León and Castile: | Supporters of Alfonso the Battler Galician Rebels County of Portugal Duchy of Burgundy | Truce - Militar Victory of Alfonso
- Political Victory of Urraca
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1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition Location: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands) | Republic of Pisa Catalan counties County of Provence Giudicato of Torres Papal States | Taifa of Majorca Almoravids | Christian victory |
Battle of Martorell (1114) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Catalan counties | Almoravid dynasty | Catalan victory |
Conquest of Zaragoza (1118) Location: Zaragoza | Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre Viscounty of Béarn | Almoravid dynasty | Christian victory |
Battle of Cutanda (1120) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon Duchy of Aquitaine | Almoravid dynasty | Christian victory |
Battle of Lerida (1122) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon | Almoravid dynasty County of Barcelona Duchy of Aquitaine | Almoravid victory |
Crusade of Alfonso I of Aragon in Andalusia (1125–1126) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon | Almoravid dynasty | Christian Tactic Victory |
Battle of Corbins (1126) Location: Iberian Peninsula | County of Barcelona County of Pallars Jussà | Almoravid dynasty | Almoravid victory |
Battle of São Mamede (1128) - Part of Kingdom of León civil war and War of Portuguese independence
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León Kingdom of Galicia | County of Portugal | Defeat Secession of the County of Portugal which becomes a kingdom with Afonso Henriques. |
Luso–Leonese War (1130–37) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | County of Portugal | Leonese victory |
Aragonese intervention in Aquitaine (1130–1133) Location: Southern France | Union of Aragon-Navarre Viscounty of Béarn County of Bigorre County of Foix County of Comminges | Duchy of Aquitaine County of Toulouse County of Labourd | Defeat |
War of Navarrese-Aragonese succession (1134–46) Location: Iberian Peninsula | 1° phase (1134–35) Loyals to García Ramírez of Navarre Union of Castile-León 2° phase (1135) Union of Castile-León 3° phase (1135–36) Union of Castile-León 4° phase (1136–40) Union of Castile-León-Aragon 5° phase (1139–49) Union of Castile-León Union of Aragon-Barcelona 6° phase (1139–46) Union of Castile-León | 1° phase (1134–1135) Loyals to Ramiro II of Aragon 2° phase (1135) Union of Aragon-Navarre 3° phase (1135–36) Kingdom of Aragon 4° phase (1136–40) Kingdom of Aragon County of Barcelona Kingdom of Navarre County of Portugal (since 1137) 5° phase (1139–40) Kingdom of Navarre 6° phase (1139–46) Union of Aragon-Barcelona | 1° Phase: Pact of Vadoluengo: Navarre-Aragon union is maintained, with Navarre loyal to García Ramirez as vassals to Aragon loyal to Ramiro II, joining forces against Castilan invasion (which conquered Kingdom of Zaragoza). 2° Phase: García of Navarre declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII of Castile and León, so supporting Alfonso's claims to Aragon crown. 3° Phase: Alfonso VII and Ramiro II consolidates an alliance in the Treaty of Alagon (during the short time that all iberian kingdoms were vassals of Castile, Alfonso VII declared himself Imperator totius Hispaniae). However, Garcia of Navarre rebels against Castile, while also in war with Aragon. 4° phase: Aragonese nobility rejects alliance with Castille, so pacts an alliance with Catalan County of Barcelona on the Capitulations of Barbastre, donating Ramiro II his realm to Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona. Aragonese-Castilian conflict ends with the Treaty of Carrion (ending the conflict of succession in Aragon). 5° phase: After a failed attempt of partitioning Navarre between Castile and Aragon, Castilian-Navarrese conflict ends with the Peace of Calahorra (ending Conflict of succession in Navarra). 6° phase: The Aragonese-Navarrese conflicts continues until 1146 with the Truce of San Esteban de Gormaz, in which Castile quits of the war. |
Siege of Oreja (1139) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Galicia Kingdom of León Kingdom of Toledo (Christians) | Almoravids (Muslims) | Christian victory |
Battle of Cerneja (1139) - Part of War of Portuguese independence
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | County of Portugal | Defeat |
Battle of Valdevez (1140) - Part of War of Portuguese independence
Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | County of Portugal | Defeat The Treaty of Zamora (1143) recognized Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of León. |
Baussenque Wars (1144–62) Location: Burgundy, Kingdom of Arles (Modern France) | County of Barcelona County of Provence Vicomté d'Albi et de Carcassonne | County of Toulouse County of Foix Lords of Baux | Victory for Catalan party. |
Revolt against Almoravids (1144–47) Location: Iberian Peninsula (Sharq Al-Andalus) | Almoravid dynasty Taifa of Cuenca Kingdom of Castile | Taifa of Valencia Taifa of Murcia Taifa of Rueda de Jalón | Stalemate |
Second Crusade (1147–50) Location: Middle East and North Africa (Near East, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt) and Iberian Peninsula | Crusaders | Seljuk Empire Emirate of Zengids Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Almoravids | Status quo ante bellum - Decisive Seljuk Turks victory in Anatolia
- Decisive Crusader victories in Iberia
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Siege of Almería (1147) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Union of Castile-León Union of Aragon-Barcelona Kingdom of Navarre Republic of Genoa | Almoravids (Muslims) | Christian victory |
Siege of Lisbon (1147) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Taifa of Badajoz | Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders | Christian victory |
Navarrese-Aragonese War (1148–1156) | Union of Aragon-Barcelona Union of Castile-León-Galicia (since 1151) | Union of Castile-León-Galicia (until 1150) Kingdom of Navarre | Stalemate |
Conquest of Siurana (1158–1159)Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Aragon | Taifa of Siurana | Aragonese victory |
Conflict over the regency of Alfonso VIII (1158–1169) Location: Iberian Peninsula | House of Lara Kingdom of Castile | House of Castro Supported by: | - Victory for House of Castro.
- Start of Castillian-Leonese War, Castillian-Navarrese War and Castillian-Aragonese war.
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Henry II of England campaign on Toulouse[9] (1159) Location: Southern France | Kingdom of England (Angevin) House of Aragon[10] Lordship of Montpellier | Royal Domain of France (Capet) County of Toulouse | Truce |
Castilian-Leonese War (1162–1166) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal | Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre | Castillian Victory |
Luso–Leonese War (1162–1165) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León | Kingdom of Portugal | Portuguese victory |
Luso–Leonese War (1167–1169) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of León Almohad Caliphate | Kingdom of Portugal | Leonese-Almohad Victory |
Aragon-Toulouse War over Provence[11] (1166–1176) Location: Southern France | Crown of Aragon House of Baux House of Trencavel (until 1171) Kingdom of England (Angevin) (until 1173) Republic of Genoa (until 1167) | County of Toulouse House of Trencavel (since 1771) Republic of Genoa (since 1168) | Aragonese victory |
Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Navarre (until 1195) (1211-1212) Kingdom of León (until 1195) (1211-1212) Kingdom of Portugal Crusaders from Northern Europe | Almohad Caliphate Kingdom of Navarre (1196-1197) Kingdom of León (1196-1197) | Spanish Christian victory |
Siege of Huete (1172) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Almohad Caliphate | Castillian Victory |
Conquest of Cuenca (1177) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Aragon | Almohad Caliphate | Castillian victory |
Castilian-Leonese War (1178–1180) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Portugal | Kingdom of León | Inconclusive - Conference of Tordesillas
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Aragon-Toulouse War of 1179-1185 Location: Southern France | Crown of Aragon Viscounty of Narbonne Republic of Pisa (since 1183) Cathars | County of Toulouse Kingdom of England (Angevin) County of Forcalquier (since 1183) Republic of Genoa (since 1183) County of Provence (1183-1184) | Aragonese victory |
Siege of Moya (1183) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Almohad Caliphate | Castillian victory |
Siege of Santarém (1184) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of León | Almohad Caliphate | Victory |
Castilian-Leonese War of 1188-1194[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | League of Huesca | Inconclusive - Castillian military victory until Papal mediation cease the conflict in a mission to unifiy all Iberian Christian Kingdoms against Almohads.
- Treaty of Tordehumos: Leonese political victory.
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Third Crusade (1189–92) Location: Middle East (Levant and Anatolia), Mediterranean Europe (Sicily, Iberia, Balkans) | Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of León Republic of Pisa Kingdom of Denmark Angevin Empire Kingdom of Jerusalem Armenian Cilicia | Sunni Muslim: Shia Muslim: Eastern Christian opponents: | Treaty of Jaffa (1192) |
Castilian-Aragonese War of 1190-1191[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Borja Alliance Kingdom of Portugal (since 1191) Kingdom of León (since 1191) | Stalemate |
Battle of Alarcos (1195) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of Évora | Almohad Caliphate | Defeat |
Castilian-Leonese War of 1196-1197[12] - Part of Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of Aragon | Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre Almohad Caliphate | Ceasefire |
Luso-Leonese War (1196–1200) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile (until 1197) | Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre Almohad Caliphate | Status Quo Ante Bellum |
Castillian invasion of Navarre (1199–1200)Location: Pyrenees | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of Navarre | Victory |
Almohad conquest of Balearic islands (1203) Location: Balearic Islands and North Africa | Almoravid dynasty | Almohad Caliphate | Almohad victory |
Castilian-Leonese War of 1204–1206[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of León | Stalemate |
Anglo-Castillian War (1206)[13] Location: Southern France, Gascony | Kingdom of Castile Viscounty of Béarn County of Armagnac Vizcounty of Tartas Orthez | Kingdom of England (Angevin) | English victory |
Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229) Location: Southern France (Languedoc and Occitania) | Cathars Churches Faidit Kingdom of England | Crusaders: Catholic Church Kingdom of France County of Aurenja Duchy of Austria | Defeat |
Siege of Al-Dāmūs (1210) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Aragon Knights Hospitaller Knights Templar | Almohad Caliphate | Christian victory |
Castilian-Leonese War of 1212[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of León Kingdom of Portugal | Truce of Coimbra |
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Order of Santiago Order of Calatrava Knights Templar French volunteers Leonese volunteers | Almohad Caliphate | Christian victory - 100,000 Muslims killed[14]
- 25–30 Christians killed[14]
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Battle of Muret (1213) Location: Muret (Modern France) | Crown of Aragon County of Toulouse County of Comminges County of Foix Viscounty of Carcassonne | Crusaders Kingdom of France | French-Crusader victory |
Castilian-Leonese War of 1217-1218[12] Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of León | Unnamed truce between Alfonso IX of León, and Fernando III with Queen Berenguela of Castile. |
First Nobiliary Revolt against James I of Aragon (1220) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Aragon | Lordship of Albarracín Rodrigo de Liçana forces Pero Ferrández de Açagra forces | Victory |
Second Nobiliary Revolt against James I of Aragon (1223) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Aragon | Nobiliary leagues Ferdinand of Aragon forces | Defeat |
Conquest of Valencia (1225–1304) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Aragon | Almohad Caliphate Taifa of Valencia Taifa of Murcia Emirate of Granada Crown of Castile | Victory |
Conquest of Majorca (1228–31) Location: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands) | Crown of Aragon Marseille Narbonne Republic of Genoa Knights Templar Order of Malta | Almohad Caliphate territory of Majorca | Aragonese victory |
Siege of Burriana (1233) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Aragon Knights Hospitaller Knights Templar Senyoria d'Albarrasí | Taifa of Valencia | Aragonese victory |
Conquest of Ibiza (1235) Location: Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands) | Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | Aragonese victory - Territorial division in quartó
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Siege of Córdoba (1236) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Moors | Castilian victory |
Battle of the Puig (1237) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Aragon | Taifa of Valencia | Aragonese victory |
Castillian conquest of Murcia[15] (1243–1245) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Crown of Castile Taifa of Murcia | Muslim Murcians | Castillian victory |
Anglo-Navarrese Conflicts (1237–1266)[16][13] Location: Southern France, Gascony | Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of France | Kingdom of England (Angevin) Vizcounty of Tartas | English victory |
Great Interregnum[17] 1245/50–1273/5 Location: Germany and Italy | Hohenstaufen party | Welf party | Compromise |
Siege of Jaén (1245–1246) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago | Taifa of Jayyān (جيان) Emirate of Granada | Castilian victory |
Siege of Seville (1247–48) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller Order of Calatrava | Almohad Caliphate Taifa of Niebla | Castilian victory |
Seventh Crusade (1248–54) Location: North Africa (Egypt) | Kingdom of France Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Jerusalem Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller | Ayyubids Bahris | Defeat |
Portuguese–Castillian war of 1250–1253 (1250–1253) Location: Iberian Peninsula | Kingdom of Castile | Kingdom of Portugal | Defeat |
Anglo-Castillian War of 1253–1256[13] Location: Southern France, Gascony) | Kingdom of Castile Viscounty of Béarn County of Armagnac County of Comminges | Kingdom of England (Angevin) |