List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

Lists of rulers

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Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

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Arsacids of Media 144 BC – 232 AD

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Arsacid kings of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

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Ruler Year
Rev I 189 to 216
Vache 216 to 234
Bacurius I 234 to 249
Mithridates II 249 to 265
Amazaspus III 260 to 265
Aspacures I 265 to 284

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD

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Arsacids of Hyrcania c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

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Indo-Parthians c. 20 –c. 240 AD

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana)[3]

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar)[3]

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu[3]

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan)[3]

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara[3]

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Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila[3]

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Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram)[3]

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  • Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
  • Abdagases I Great king, Soter (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)

Kings of Merv & Abarshahr[4] c. 10–c. 250 AD

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  • ? cont. with Phraates V
  • ? cont. with Artabanus II
  • ? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes I
  • D ... c. 50 AD
  • Po ... cont. with Vologases I
  • Sanabares c. 2nd half of the 1st century AD
  • Pacores c. 100 AD
  • ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
  • ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
  • Tiren cont. with Vologases IV
  • ? cont. with Vologases IV
  • Ardashir c. 200 AD
  • ? 1st half of the 3rd century
  • ? 1st half of the 3rd century
  • ? c. 250 AD

Kings of Persis[5] c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

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Main article: Kings of Persis
Name Date Family Relations Note
1 Vahbarz I beg. of 3rd century BC ? leader of a revolution against Seleucids (?)
2 Baykard ? Fratarakā dynasty
3 Baydād (bgdt) end of 3rd/ beg. of 2nd century BC Fratarakā dynasty - son of Baykard sub-Seleucid
4 Ardaxšīr I (rtḥštry) 1st half of 2nd century Fratarakā dynasty sub-Seleucid
5 Vahbarz II (whwbrz - called Oborzos in Polyenus 7.40) 1st half of 2nd century Fratarakā dynasty
6 Vādfradād I (wtprdt) mid-3nd century BC Fratarakā dynasty - son of Vahbarz Vadfradad I and his successors were as sub-Parthian dynasts.
7 Vadfradad II c. 140 ?
8 'Unknown king I' (Syknlt?) 2nd half of 2nd century ?
9 Darev I end of 2nd century ?
10 Vadfradad III 1st half of 1st century ?
11 Darev II 1st century son of Vadfradad III
12 Ardashir II 2nd half of 1st century son of Darev II killed by his brother Vahshir I
13 Vahshir I 2nd half of 1st century son of Darev II
14 Pakor I 1st half of 1st century AD son of Vahshir I
15 Pakor II 1st half of 1st century ?
16 Nambed mid-1st century son of Ardashir II
17 Napad 2nd half of 1st century son of Nambed
18 'Unknown king II' end of 1st century ?
19 Vadfradad IV 1st half of 2nd century ?
20 Manchihr I 1st half of 2nd century ?
21 Ardashir III 1st half of 2nd century son of Manchihr I
22 Manchihr II mid-2nd century son of Ardashir III
23 Pakor III[6] 2nd half of 2nd century ?
24 Manchihr III 2nd half of 2nd century son of Manchihr II
25 Ardashir IV end of 2nd century son of Manchihr III
26 Vahshir II c. 206-210 AD ? The last of Bazarangids.
27 Shapur beg. of 3rd century Brother of the first Sasanian, Ardashir I
28 Ardashir V beg. of 3rd century First Sasanian ruler, under the name of Ardashir I

Rulers of Hatra

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In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned. Other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors. They appear with two titles. The earlier rulers are called mry' (translation uncertain, perhaps administrator), the later ones mlk -king.

Name Title Date Family Relations Note
1 Worod mry'
2 Ma’nu mry'
3 Elkud mry' 155/156 AD
4 Nashrihab mry' 128/29 - 137/38 AD
5 Naṣru mry' 128/29 - 176/77
6 Wolgash I mry' and mlk - King
7 Sanatruq I mry' and mlk - King 176/177 AD ruled together with Wolgash I
8 Wolgash (II?) son of Wolgash (I)
9 Abdsamiya mlk - King 192/93 - 201/202 AD Supported the Roman emperor Pescennius Niger
10 Sanatruq II mlk - King 207/08 - 229/230 AD

Kings of Elymais c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

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Main article: List of Elamite kings § Elymais (c. 147 BC–AD 221/222)
  • Kamnaskires I Soter (c. 147 BC?)
  • Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c 145–c. 139 BC)
  • Okkonapses (c. 139/138–c. 137 BC), rebel
  • Tigraios (c. 137–c. 132 bc), rebel
  • Darius Soter (c. 129 BC), rebel
  • Pittit (125–124 BC), rebel
  • Kamnaskires III (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Anzaze
  • Anzaze (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Kamnaskires III
  • Kamnaskires IV (1st century BC)
  • Kamnaskires V (1st century BC)
  • Kamnaskires VI (1st century AD)
  • Orodes I (1st century)
  • Orodes II, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes (1st/2nd century)
  • Phraates (1st/2nd century)
  • Osroes (2nd century)
  • Orodes III (2nd century), co-ruler with Ulfan
  • Ulfan (2nd century), co-ruler with Orodes III
  • Abar-Basi (2nd century)
  • Orodes IV (2nd/3rd century)
  • Khwasak (3rd century)
  • Orodes V (3rd century)

Kings of Characene[7] c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

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Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD

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  • Aryu (132–127 BC)
  • Abdu bar Maz'ur (127–120 BC)
  • Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120–115 BC)
  • Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115–112 BC)
  • Bakru II bar Bakru (112–94 BC)
  • Ma'nu I (94 BC)
  • Abgar I Piqa (94–68 BC)
  • Abgar II bar Abgar (68–52 BC)
  • Ma'nu II (52–34 BC)
  • Paqor (34–29 BC)
  • Abgar III (29–26 BC)
  • Abgar IV Sumaqa (26–23 BC)
  • Ma'nu III Saphul (23–4 BC)
  • Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC–7 AD)
  • Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7–13 AD)
  • Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13–50)
  • Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50–57)
  • Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57–71)
  • Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71–91)
  • Sanatruk (91–109)
  • Abgar VII bar Ezad (109–116)
    • Roman interregnum 116–118
  • Yalur (118–122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates)
  • Parthamaspates (118–123)
  • Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123–139)
  • Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139–163)
  • Wa'il bar Sahru (163–165)
  • Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165–167)
  • Abgar VIII (167–177)
  • Abgar IX (the great) (177–212)
  • Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212–214)
  • Abgar (X) Severus Bar Abgar (IX) Rabo (214–216)
  • Ma’nu (IX) Bar Abgar (X) Severus (216–242)
  • Abgar (XI) Farhat Bar Ma’nu (IX) (242–244)

Kings of Adiabene c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

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Main article: List of kings of Adiabene

Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

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  • Zarbienus; early mid-1st century BC until c. 69 BC. Killed by Tigranes II.
  • Manisarus; ~ 115 AD: He took control over parts of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in the time of Trajan.
  • Ardashir; ~ 340s AD: He was against the Christianization of Corduene.[8]
  • Jovinian ~ 359 AD[9]

Notes and references

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Qashqai, "The successors of Mithridates II"
  2. ^ Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Fröhlich, 2004; Qashqai, 2017
  4. ^ Baratin, 2009.
  5. ^ Wiesehöfer, 1996, p. 319.
  6. ^ Rezakhani, Kh., "The "Unbekannter König III" and the Coinage of Hellenistic and Arsacid Persis", Nameye Iran-e Bastan, 15 (2010)
  7. ^ Wiesehöfer, 1996, pp. 317-318.
  8. ^ History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East, page: 128, George David Malech, Published 2006, Gorgias Press LLC, 484 pages, ISBN 1-59333-408-7
  9. ^ The Later Roman Empire: AD 354-378, Ammianus Marcellinus, Translated by Walter Hamilton, page 155, Contributor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Published 1986, Penguin Classics, ISBN 0-14-044406-8

Bibliography

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