COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people by state, as of July 11, 2022
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	United States
First outbreak	Wuhan, Hubei, China[1]
Arrival date	January 13, 2020[2] (4 years, 3 months and 6 days ago) Public health emergency: 31 January 2020 – 11 May 2023 (3 years, 3 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Confirmed cases	103,436,829[3]
Suspected cases‡	146,585,169 (CDC estimate in September 2021)[4]
Recovered	63,623,166[5]
Deaths	1,184,148[3] (reported) 1,103,615 (CDC estimate)[6] 1,200,000 (The Economist estimate on January 25, 2022)[7]
Fatality rate	1.14%
Vaccinations	270,227,181[3] (81.39%) (people with at least one dose) 230,637,348[3] (69.47%) (fully vaccinated people)
Government website
CDC
‡Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out.

In the United States, the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in 103,436,829^[3] confirmed cases with 1,184,148^[3] all-time deaths, the most of any country, and the 20th highest per capita worldwide.^[9] The COVID-19 pandemic is the deadliest disaster in the country's history.^[10]

It was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer.^[11] From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by 3 years for Hispanic and Latino Americans, 2.9 years for African Americans, and 1.2 years for white Americans.^[12] In 2021, U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 rose^[13] and life expectancy fell.^[14]

On December 31, 2019, China announced the discovery of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan. The first American case was reported on January 20,^[15] and President Donald Trump declared the U.S. outbreak a public health emergency on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights arriving from China,^[16][17] but the initial U.S. response to the pandemic was otherwise slow, in terms of preparing the healthcare system, stopping other travel, and testing.^{[18][19][20][a][22]}

The first known American deaths occurred in February. On March 6, 2020, Trump allocated $8.3 billion to fight the outbreak and declared a national emergency on March 13. The government also purchased large quantities of medical equipment, invoking the Defense Production Act of 1950 to assist.^[23] By mid-April, disaster declarations were made by all states and territories as they all had increasing cases. A second wave of infections began in June, following relaxed restrictions in several states, leading to daily cases surpassing 60,000. By mid-October, a third surge of cases began; there were over 200,000 new daily cases during parts of December 2020 and January 2021.^[24][25]

COVID-19 vaccines became available in December 2020, under emergency use, beginning the national vaccination program, with the first vaccine officially approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 23, 2021.^[26] Studies have shown them to be highly protective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. In comparison with fully vaccinated people, the CDC found that those who were unvaccinated were from 5 to nearly 30 times more likely to become either infected or hospitalized. There has nonetheless been some vaccine hesitancy for various reasons, although side effects are rare.^[27][28] There have also been numerous reports that unvaccinated COVID-19 patients have strained the capacity of hospitals throughout the country, forcing many to turn away patients with life-threatening diseases.

A fourth rise in infections began in March 2021 amidst the rise of the Alpha variant, a more easily transmissible variant first detected in the United Kingdom. That was followed by a rise of the Delta variant, an even more infectious mutation first detected in India, leading to increased efforts to ensure safety. The January 2022 emergence of the Omicron variant, which was first discovered in South Africa, led to record highs in hospitalizations and cases in early 2022, with as many as 1.5 million new infections reported in a single day.^[29] By the end of 2022, an estimated 77.5% of Americans had had COVID-19 at least once, according to the CDC.^[30]

State and local responses to the pandemic during the public health emergency included the requirement to wear a face mask in specified situations (mask mandates), prohibition and cancellation of large-scale gatherings (including festivals and sporting events), stay-at-home orders, and school closures.^[31] Disproportionate numbers of cases have been observed among Black and Latino populations,^[32][33][34] as well as elevated levels of vaccine hesitancy,^[35][36] and there was a sharp increase in reported incidents of xenophobia and racism against Asian Americans.^[37][38] Clusters of infections and deaths have occurred in many areas.^[b] The COVID-19 pandemic also led to misinformation and conspiracy theories^[41] and highlighted weaknesses in the U.S. public health system.^[22][42][43]

Timeline