Acotango

Acotango
The volcanoes Acotango (left) and Capurata (right)
Highest point
Elevation6,052 m (19,856 ft)
Prominence859 m (2,818 ft)[1]
Parent peakGuallatiri
Isolation6.19 km (3.85 mi) Edit this on Wikidata
to Guallatiri Edit this on Wikidata
ListingList of mountains in the Andes
Coordinates18°22′56″S 69°02′52″W / 18.38222°S 69.04778°W / -18.38222; -69.04778
Geography
Acotango is located in Bolivia
Acotango
Acotango
Parent rangeAndes
Geology
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Last eruptionPleistocene
Climbing
First ascent10/14/1965 (first modern ascent) - Sergio Kunstmann, Pedro Rosende and Claudio Meier (Chile)[2]
Easiest routesnow/ice climb

Acotango is the central and highest of a group of stratovolcanoes straddling the border of Bolivia and Chile.[3][4] It is 6,052 metres (19,856 ft) high.[5][a][b] The group is known as Kimsa Chata and consists of three mountains: Acotango, Umurata (5,730 metres (18,799 ft)) north of it and Capurata (5,990 metres (19,652 ft)) south of it.

The group lies along a north–south alignment. The Acotango volcano is heavily eroded, but a lava flow on its northern flank is morphologically young, suggesting Acotango was active in the Holocene.[10] Later research has suggested that lava flow may be of Pleistocene age.[11] Argon-argon dating has yielded ages of 192,000±8,000 and 241,000±27,000 years on dacites from Acotango.[12] Glacial activity has exposed parts of the inner volcano, which is hydrothermally altered.[13] Glacial moraines lie at an altitude of 4,200 metres (13,800 ft) but a present ice cap is only found past 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) of altitude.[14]

The volcano is a popular hiking route in the Sajama National Park and Lauca National Park. It is on the border of two provinces: Chilean province of Parinacota and Bolivian province of Sajama. Its slopes are within the administrative boundaries of two cities: Chilean commune of Putre and Bolivian commune of Turco.[3][4]

To climb the summit from the Chilean side is dangerous due to land mines,[15] however it is relatively safe to climb the summit from the Bolivian side.[16] The southern ascent starts over a glacier and passes an abandoned copper mine.

First Ascent and human presence[edit]

Acotango's first modern ascent was by Sergio Kunstmann, Pedro Rosende and Claudio Meier (Chile) October 14, 1965.[2] It is believed that Pedro Rosende, a Chilean explorer, found the remains of firewood at the summit of Acotango. Because of this, it is thought that the mountain might have been one of the high Incan Andean sanctuaries. However, more exploration is needed to verify this information.[17]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Other data from digital elevation models: SRTM yields 6,037 metres (19,806 ft),[6] ASTER 6,023 metres (19,760 ft)[7] and TanDEM-X 6,074 metres (19,928 ft).[8]
  2. ^ The height of the nearest key col is 5,201 metres (17,064 ft),[9] leading to a topographic prominence of 859 metres (2,818 ft) with a topographical dominance of 14.17%. Its parent peak is Guallatiri and the Topographic isolation is 6.2 kilometres (3.9 mi).[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Acotango". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  2. ^ a b "AAJ (American Alpine Journal)". AAJ (American Alpine Journal): 183. 1966.
  3. ^ a b "Catálogo GeoBolivia - GeoBolivia". geo.gob.bo. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  4. ^ a b rbenavente. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | SIIT | Mapas vectoriales". bcn.cl. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  5. ^ Biggar, John (2020). The Andes a guide for climbers (5th ed.). Castle Douglas, Scotland. ISBN 978-0-9536087-7-5. OCLC 1260820889.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ USGS, EROS Archive. "USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps". Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ^ "ASTER GDEM Project". ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  8. ^ TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X. "Copernicus Space Component Data Access". Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Acotango Volcano" nd Volcano Discovery http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/acotango.html
  11. ^ "Acotango". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  12. ^ Sepúlveda, José Pablo; Aguilera, Felipe; Inostroza, Manuel; Reyes, María Paz (April 2021). "Geological evolution of the Guallatiri volcano, Arica y Parinacota Region, northern Chile". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 107: 4. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10703117S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103117. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 233072322.
  13. ^ Watts, Robert B.; Clavero Ribes, Jorge; Sparks, R. Stephen J. (30 September 2014). "Origen y emplazamiento del Domo Tinto, volcán Guallatiri, Norte de Chile" [The origin and emplacement of Domo Tinto, Guallatiri volcano, Northern Chile]. Andean Geology (in Spanish). 41 (3): 558–588. doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n3-a04.
  14. ^ Ochsenius, Claudio (1986). "La Glaciación Puna durante el Wisconsin, Desglaciación y Máximo Lacustre en la Transición Wisconsin-Holoceno y Refugios de Megafauna Postglaciales en la Puna y Desierto de Atacama" [Late Pleistocene Puna Glaciation, Deglaciation and High Lake-Levels during the Transition Wisconsin-Holocene, and Postglacial Megafauna Refuges in the Atacama Desert and Puna Regions] (PDF). Revista de Geografía Norte Grande (in Spanish). 13: 29–58. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  15. ^ "65/48. Aplicación de la Convención sobre la prohibición del empleo, almacenamiento, producción y transferencia de minas antipersonal y sobre su destrucción", Anuario de las Naciones Unidas Sobre Desarme 2010: Parte I, UN, 2010-12-31, pp. 30–33, doi:10.18356/bf323eee-es, ISBN 978-92-1-058036-6, retrieved 2021-08-12
  16. ^ Andean Summits 2013 Acotango;One of the triplets "Acotango; one of the tripplets |". Archived from the original on 2013-07-23. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  17. ^ Chiles 6000 nd Volcan Acotango South Face http://www.los6000dechile.cl/pdf/bch_cumbres_03_acotango.pdf Archived 2013-11-16 at the Wayback Machine


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