In Spanish politics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, El Turno Pacífico ("The Peaceful Turn") was an informal system operated by the two major...

participate in national politics, and the 'turnismo' or alternation was to become the new system. Turnismo would be endorsed in the Constitution of 1876...

a new political system that ensured stability through the practice of turnismo, which involved the systematic rotation of liberal and conservative parties...

conservatives and the liberals alternated in control of the government (turnismo). Election fraud (materialized in the so-called caciquismo) became ubiquitous...

Alfonso XIII became king of Spain at the moment of his birth in May 1886 because his father, Alfonso XII, had died five months earlier. His mother, Maria...

governments returned, lasting until the fall of the First Republic in 1874. Turnismo After the dethronement of Isabella II, the debates on the form of State...

Satiric depiction of the Spanish regime inaugurated in 1876; rise of turnismo and cacique political culture...

alternation between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, known as turnismo. This system of local political domination, especially rooted in rural...

agreement between Cánovas and Sagasta established an almost automatic turnismo for both parties to succeed each other in power, which implied that the...

in the following elections in June 1919, and the return to traditional turnismo did not occur until the elections of December 1920, which were organized...