A tughra (Ottoman Turkish: طغرا, romanized: ṭuġrā; Turkish: tuğra) is a calligraphic monogram, seal or signature of a sultan that was affixed to all official...

ISBN 9780754667612 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suleiman I. Wikiquote has quotations related to Suleiman the Magnificent. Portraits and Tughra of Suleiman...

sultans, as well as the last Ottoman caliph, in chronological order. The tughras were the calligraphic seals or signatures used by Ottoman sultans. They...

(independent 1832), issued its first stamps. The design consists of the tughra, the emblem of sovereignty, for the then current ruler Sultan Abdülaziz...

Every sultan of the Ottoman Empire had his own monogram, called the tughra, which served as a royal symbol. A coat of arms in the European heraldic sense...

-onym Personal identity Identifier Proper name Signature Monogram Royal cypher Khelrtva Signum manus Tughra Surnames by country Category:Lists of names...

Ramadanali (2006). Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan. United States: Tughra Books. p. 51. ISBN 9781597846110. Goldschmidt & Davidson (2005), p. 48 Farah...

which was initially undertaken in the Greek language to the west. The Tughra were calligraphic monograms, or signatures, of the Ottoman Sultans, of which...

ISBN 978-1-137-59875-2 page 82 Muhittin Akgul The Qu'ran in 99 Questions Tughra Books 2008 ISBN 978-1-597-84640-0 Trees in the Koran and the Bible, L. J...

Islam Sharifate of Mecca Abdulmejid II, the last Ottoman Caliph, lacked a tughra of his own, since he did not serve as head of state (that position being...