assert sovereignty and treaty rights, including their own criteria for tribal membership, which vary among them. In the early 21st century, some nations, such...

1910. In 1996, the tribal membership voted to close enrollment, with the exception of children born to currently enrolled tribal members. The 2000 census...

were for a time excluded from tribal membership. In the 20th century, the Cherokee Nation passed a law to limit membership to descendants of those listed...

tribe. There are two distinctions of membership, including tribal enrolled membership and enrolled descendant membership that extends to first generation...

or avoided relocation, remaining in the area. Because they gave up tribal membership at the time, they became state and US citizens. In the late 19th century...

Registration of tribal members under the Dawes Commission often failed to record such ancestry. In 1979, the Creek Nation changed its membership rules, requiring...

to determine their own identity or membership in accordance with their customs and traditions." Individual and tribal rights clash in the disenrollment...

give to the term 'tribe', its adjective 'tribal', and its abstract form 'tribalism'. Despite the membership boundaries for a tribe being conceptually...

heterogeneous tribal groups across the Indian subcontinent. The term is a Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by political activists to give the tribal people...

United States. The tribe had more than 5,000 people in 2011. They have a tribal jurisdictional area in the northeast corner of Oklahoma and are headquartered...