This legal document attributed to Rais an annual income of 50,000 livres tournois, of which around 30,000 came from his estates and almost 20,000 from his...

international competition in 1910, and coined the term Tournoi des Cinq Nations (Five Nations Championship); a term that would last almost the entire...

livre parisis (Paris pound), in favor of the much more widely used livre tournois (Tours pound). He also designates Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie as the first...