The Ruhnama, or Rukhnama, translated into English as Book of the Soul, is a two volume work written by Saparmurat Niyazov, the president of Turkmenistan...

of the week to references of his autobiography the Ruhnama. He made it mandatory to read the Ruhnama in schools, universities and governmental organizations;...

personality cult, and knowledge of the Ruhnama was required even for obtaining a driver's license. Quotations from the Ruhnama are inscribed on the walls of the...

etymology, although he altered the meaning of the words, writing in his Ruhnama that, rather than "Muslim Turk", it meant "made of light": [The Turkmen...

were chosen according to Turkmen national symbols, as described in the Ruhnama, a book written by Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmenistan's first and only president...

special monument to former President Saparmurat Niyazov's magnum opus, Ruhnama. The memorial complex in Bekrewe includes a statue of a bull with the Earth...

Turkmenistan State Anthem" in RealAudio Ruhnama - Songs and Video Clips (archive link) - This website dedicated to the Ruhnama features a page with a vocal version...

Niyazov), including a golden box and 10,000 copies of his personal manifesto, Ruhnama, translated into German. Investigators also found that the firm violated...

socialism Islamic socialism Jamahiriya Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung Ruhnama Secular religion Vandewalle, Dirk (2018). Libya since Independence: Oil...

Former President Saparmurat Niyazov's book of spiritual writings, the Ruhnama, is imposed on all religious communities. According to Forum 18, despite...