duchy. In 962, when Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, restored the Empire (restauratio imperii), Lorraine was designated as the autonomous Duchy of Lorraine within...

Roman was a reflection of the principle of translatio imperii (or in this case restauratio imperii) that regarded the (Germanic) Holy Roman emperors as...

1973, S. 46–89, hier p. 74, who sees this aspect for the entire restauratio imperii. Franz Georg Maier: Grundlagen und Anfänge der byzantinischen Geschichte:...