than the real nacional worth 1⁄8 of a dollar. The monetary confusion would not be resolved until the real de vellón was fixed at 20 reales to the dollar...

real was established at two billon reales (reales de vellón) or sixty-eight maravedíes. Gold escudos (worth 16 reales) were also issued. The coins circulated...

denominated in silver escudos and reales de vellón at a rate of 5 pesetas = 1 peso duro = 2 silver escudos = 20 reales de vellón. The peseta was equal to 4.5...

relationship of 8 reales = $1 (or peso duro) continued in the Americas until the 19th century, Spain struggled with the issuance of reales de vellon (made of billon...

1642: $1 = 8 reales, subsequently called reales nacionales From 1642: $1 = 10 reales provinciales From 1687: $1 = 15+2⁄34 reales de vellón (made of billon...

quarto or quart, 16 quartos = 1 real de vellón, 8 reales de vellón = 1 peso sencillo ("current" dollar), 10 reales de vellón = 1 peso fuerte ("hard" dollar...

colonies, the escudo refers to a gold coin worth sixteen reales de plata or forty reales de vellón. Cape Verdean escudo Angolan escudo Chilean escudo French...

reales de plata in 1642, then 16 reales de plata fuerte or 40 reales de vellón from 1737. Gold coins were issued in denominations of 1⁄2, 1, 2, 4 and 8...

discount to this amount, at 30–32 reales. In Spain, doubloons were current for $4 (four duros, or 80 reales de vellón) up to the middle of the 19th century...

decimalized. It was also a name used throughout Spain for an amount of four reales de vellón. It was coined in Barcelona in gold and silver from 1808 until 1814...