Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard...

Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps....

governors having absolute authority. Historically, penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state's...

of these groups. Service in penal military units is generally considered a form of punishment, discipline, or penal labour, used in lieu of, or offered...

In the United States, penal labor is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Annually, incarcerated workers provide at least $9 billion in services to the prison...

Penal transportation was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified...

labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form...

penal detention with compulsory work (penal labor). The system of labor colonies and camps originated in 1929, and after 1953, the corrective penal colonies...

A penal treadmill (penal treadwheel or everlasting staircase) was a treadwheel or treadmill with steps set into two cast iron wheels. These drove a shaft...

Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in Canada, campaigned on introducing penal labour in the province, referred to by many as chain gangs. He lost seats to...