The c. 350 BCE Neiye 內業 or Inward Training is the oldest Chinese received text describing Daoist breath meditation techniques and qi circulation. After...

Baixin 白心 "Purifying the mind" (38), and Neiye "Inward training" (49). Modern scholars believe the Neiye text was written in the 4th century BCE, and...

"immortality".[citation needed] The Guanzi essay (late 4th century BCE) Neiye "Inward training" is the oldest received writing on the subject of qi cultivation...

divination and the I Ching. Early versions of independent texts like the Neiye, the Lüshi Chunqiu, the Zhuangzi, and the Daodejing. The Daodejing (also...

first forms of "Taoism". Some of the main early Taoist sources include: the Neiye, the Zhuangzi, and the Tao Te Ching. The Tao Te Ching, attributed to Laozi...

mention of the term in this sense is in a 4th-century BCE chapter called Neiye "Inner Training" of a larger text compiled during the Han dynasty, the Guanzi...

qi that connects and pervades everything in the world." The Guanzi essay Neiye (Inward Training) is the oldest received writing on the subject of the cultivation...

the eternal, and to know the eternal is called brightness" (ch. 16). The "Neiye" 內業 (In- ward Training) is another important source for the early practice...

Daodejing commentaries are comparable with the Huang-Lao of the Guanzi Neiye, but otherwise utilizes the Laozi more as a theme for methods of rule. Although...

BCE (1999: 26–27). Included in the 2nd century Guanzi, the likely older Neiye (or Inward Training) may be the oldest recovered Chinese text, describing...