microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy.[citation needed] Optical microscopy and...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where swift electrons go through a thin sample Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) which is similar...

specialized instruments. An account of the early history of scanning electron microscopy has been presented by McMullan. Although Max Knoll produced a photo with...

Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen...

Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness...

more complex fluorescence microscopy techniques like confocal microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy while xenon lamps, and mercury...

Dark-field microscopy (also called dark-ground microscopy) describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy, which exclude the unscattered...

optical microscopy which do not use visible light include scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy and...