Literary Chinese (Vietnamese: Văn ngôn 文言, Cổ văn 古文 or Hán văn 漢文) was the medium of all formal writing in Vietnam for almost all of the country's history...

Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam: Hoa, Chinese who immigrated to Vietnam during the Qing dynasty and Republic of China period Ngái, rural-dwelling Hakka Chinese speakers...

to the study of Literary Chinese. Literary Chinese was adopted in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature argues...

hanja, and Vietnam as chữ Hán. In late classical history, the literary importance of classical Chinese diminished as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam each adopted...

Hoa, Chinese: 華人; pinyin: Huárén or Chinese: 唐人; Jyutping: tong4 jan4) are the citizens and nationals of Vietnam of full or partial Han Chinese ancestry...

Nôm Literary Chinese in Vietnam History of writing in Vietnam Chinese characters East Asian cultural sphere Kanji – Japanese equivalent of Chinese characters...

Chữ Hán were introduced to Vietnam during the thousand year period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD. Texts in Vietnam were written using chữ Hán...

from premodern Vietnam are written in Chinese, obviously using Chinese characters; however, a portion of the literary genre is written in Vietnamese, using...

Chinese writing, culture and institutions were imported as a whole by Vietnam, Korea, Japan and other neighbouring states over an extended period. Chinese...

The Empire of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đế quốc Việt Nam; Literary Chinese and Contemporary Japanese: 越南帝國; Modern Japanese: ベトナム帝国, Betonamu Teikoku) was...