that laïcité is thus distinct from anti-clericalism, which actively opposes the influence of religion and the clergy. However, critics of laïcité argue...

larger trend toward long-term adoption of secularism. The principle of Laïcité, the French notion of strict separation, was enshrined into law in 1905...

In Turkey, secularism or laicism (see laïcité) was first introduced with the 1928 amendment of the Constitution of 1924, which removed the provision declaring...

The Act respecting the laicity of the State (French: Loi sur la laïcité de l'État), introduced and commonly referred to as Bill 21 or Law 21, is a statute...

role in excluding religious visibility from the public domain. The term laïcité was coined in 1871 by French educator and later Nobel Peace Prize laureate...

Former President Nicolas Sarkozy criticised "negative laïcité" and talked about a "positive laïcité" that recognizes the contribution of faith to French...

with French secularism or "laïcité ". Jacques Chirac established the commission to reflect upon the principle of laïcité and its application in France...

French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State is the basis for laïcité (state secularism): the state does not formally recognise any religion...

Jules Ferry laws Laïcité "Etat des lieux de la laïcité en France - 2021" (PDF) (official statistics) (in French). Observatoire de la laïcité, Government of...

Anglo-American concept of secularism, but is similar to the concept of laïcité in France. The roots of Kemalist secularism lie in the reform efforts in...