The International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft (designed and launched as the International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) satellite), was launched...

Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6...

Earth flybys Mars flyby An example of a comet flyby is when International Cometary Explorer (formerly ISEE-3) passed about 4,800 miles (7,700 km) from...

was observed from space by the International Cometary Explorer (ICE). Originally the International Sun-Earth Explorer 3, the spacecraft departed the Sun-Earth...

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with NASA working on the Helios and International Cometary Explorer (later called the International Sun-Earth Explorer-3) spacecraft radio astronomy experiments...

the Soviet Vega probes, the ESA Giotto and the NASA International Cometary Explorer, to explore Halley's Comet during its 1986 sojourn through the inner...

000 km; 3,300,000 mi). Giacobini–Zinner was the target of the International Cometary Explorer spacecraft, which passed through its plasma tail on September...

and a comet flyby. The mission was subsequently renamed the International Cometary Explorer (ICE). The first low energy transfer using what would later...

noon-time meridian, later was named the magnetopause. By 1983, the International Cometary Explorer observed the magnetotail, or the distant magnetic field. Magnetospheres...