beheading was the worst punishment that the law could inflict on honestiores; the humiliores might suffer crucifixion, burning, or condemnation to the beasts...

Emperor Hadrian made the awkward distinction between honestiores and humiliores, and among the honestiores we find the veterans, who had obtained this title...

and the great differences that begin to appear between honestiores (or wealthy) and humiliores (of humble social status) citizens. The western road or...

academic, as socio-legal status devolved into a bifurcation of honestiores and humiliores: the tiny percentage of the populace who had access to power and...