Homoplasy, in biology and phylogenetics, is the term used to describe a feature that has been gained or lost independently in separate lineages over the...

– 1 − (observed homoplasy excess) / (maximum homoplasy excess). A value of 1 indicates no homoplasy; 0 represents as much homoplasy as there would be...

Parallel homoplasy – derived trait present in two groups or species without a common ancestor due to convergent evolution. Reverse homoplasy – trait present...

homology and homoplasy. Homology between features indicate that those features have been derived from a common ancestor. Alternatively, homoplasy between features...

Parallel Homoplasy – derived trait present in two groups or species without a common ancestor due to convergent evolution. Reverse Homoplasy – trait present...

S2CID 84287895. Archie, James W (1989). "Homoplasy Excess Ratios: New Indices for Measuring Levels of Homoplasy in Phylogenetic Systematics and a Critique...

"wing" involves both the forelimb and the hindlimb. Analogy is called homoplasy in cladistics, and convergent or parallel evolution in evolutionary biology...

PMID 22431965. Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with...

"Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies?". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83: 8–23. doi:10.1139/Z04-158. Archived...

Coates, Michael I. (2014). "The origins of adipose fins: an analysis of homoplasy and the serial homology of vertebrate appendages". Proceedings of the...