• Thumbnail for Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
    False but influential letters depict him as a somewhat more radical philosophe than he probably was. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He was...
    58 KB (7,222 words) - 04:39, 6 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Voltaire
    Voltaire (category Philosophes)
    /vɔːl-/; French: [vɔltɛːʁ]), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity...
    139 KB (17,299 words) - 19:49, 7 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Age of Enlightenment
    adopted by the authors of the United States Constitution. While the philosophes of the French Enlightenment were not revolutionaries and many were members...
    178 KB (22,186 words) - 15:21, 8 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul
    San Domingo. His management of home affairs in general satisfied the philosophes. He allowed the Encyclopédie to be published and brought about the banishment...
    23 KB (2,273 words) - 19:47, 21 January 2024
  • Enlightenment: Antagonism and Collaboration between the Jesuits and the Philosophes", China and Europe: Images and Influences [from the] Sixteenth to Eighteenth...
    40 KB (3,853 words) - 05:05, 2 May 2024
  • "Edgar Morin a 100 ans, joyeux anniversaire au plus sémillant de nos philosophes" (in French). Télérama. 8 July 2021. "ED ISKENDERIAN CELEBRATES 100TH...
    120 KB (5,774 words) - 03:11, 9 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
    depiction of the struggle of the Church of the Faithful with Enlightenment philosophes in chapter VI. Hegel's proper account of Christianity, however, is to...
    149 KB (18,923 words) - 20:32, 7 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Christina, Queen of Sweden
    Jean-François de (10 July 1999). Pierre Chanut, ami de Descartes: un diplomate philosophe. Editions Beauchesne. ISBN 9782701013831. Retrieved 10 July 2017 – via...
    132 KB (14,920 words) - 03:15, 5 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Thomas Paine
    apparent to anyone. Paine also used a notion of "common sense" favored by philosophes in the Continental Enlightenment. They held that common sense could refute...
    130 KB (14,177 words) - 16:52, 7 May 2024
  • Freud: la réception de Eduard von Hartmann chez les psychologues et philosophes français". de Serge Nicolas et Laurent Fedi, L'Harmattan, 2008, p. 8...
    38 KB (4,502 words) - 18:51, 30 April 2024