Extrachromosomal DNA (abbreviated ecDNA) is any DNA that is found off the chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell. Most DNA in an...

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta...

A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They...

walls, for example, yeast samples containing mixed DNA from multiple sources Extrachromosomal DNA is generally easy to isolate, especially plasmids may...

Extrachromosomal rDNA circles (aka ERC) are pieces of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) derived from ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Initially found in baker's...

an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosis...

plastid DNA, as well as many other varieties of extrachromosomal DNA, including plasmids and some viral DNA. Contrast linear DNA. circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)...

molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs...

known as the nucleoid Extrachromosomal DNA, located outside of the nucleoid region as circular or linear plasmids The bacterial DNA is not packaged using...

of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins produce messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are...