are elementarily equivalent, since they both interpret '<' as an unbounded dense linear ordering. This is sufficient to ensure elementary equivalence, because...

Turing equivalence (recursion theory) Elementary equivalence, in mathematical logic Equivalence principle in the theory of general relativity Equivalence (trade)...

matrices have the same null space. Because elementary row operations are reversible, row equivalence is an equivalence relation. It is commonly denoted by a...

which gives an algebraic characterization of the semantic notion of elementary equivalence, and the Robinson–Zakon presentation of the use of superstructures...

isomorphic. Therefore, ultraproducts provide a way to talk about elementary equivalence that avoids mentioning first-order theories at all. Basic theorems...

In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments...

In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative...

In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, the equivalence problem is the question of determining, given two representations of formal...

back-and-forth method used in the Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game to verify elementary equivalence was given by Roland Fraïssé in his thesis; it was formulated as...

for material equivalence, so proper interpretation would depend on the context. Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence, although the...