work in cryptography concerns cryptographic primitives—algorithms with basic cryptographic properties—and their relationship to other cryptographic problems...

initialization vectors and in cryptographic hash functions. A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in a cryptographic communication, in the spirit...

Most cryptographic hash functions are designed to take a string of any length as input and produce a fixed-length hash value. A cryptographic hash function...

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms...

A cryptographic protocol is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences...

types of keys in cryptographic systems are symmetric-key and public-key (also known as asymmetric-key). Many complex cryptographic algorithms often use...

stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographic algorithm, can encode or decode cryptographic data. Based on the used method, the key can be...

A cryptographic module is a component of a computer system that securely implements cryptographic algorithms, typically with some element of tamper resistance...

Al-Kindi wrote a book on cryptography entitled Risalah fi Istikhraj al-Mu'amma (Manuscript for the Deciphering Cryptographic Messages), in which he described...

is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cryptographic key is unknown. In...