In causal inference, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences...

not take up their offers of employment. In 1997, he formed the company Confounding Factor along with co-developer Paul Douglas, who had worked with Gard...

tower with its top in the sky. Yahweh, observing their city and tower, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other, and scatters...

can be done either by adding the confounding variable as a control in regression, or by matching on the confounding variable. PSM has been shown to increase...

that controls for every confounding factor, so also must the user of multiple regression be careful to control for all confounding factors by including them...

unduly given causal interpretations. The paradox can be resolved when confounding variables and causal relations are appropriately addressed in the statistical...

confounding occurs when RA0 ≠ RB0. (NB: Example assumes binary outcome and exposure variables.) Some epidemiologists prefer to think of confounding separately...

additional variables that are thought to serve as confounders. By pairing students whose values on the confounding variables are similar, a greater fraction of...

minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables). This increases the reliability of the results, often through...

from the presence of a confounding variable, thus requiring a re-working of the initial experimental hypothesis. Confounding variables are a threat to...