According to Romero Maura, Costa and those who share his interpretation view caciquismo as a political manifestation of the economic dominance of landed and financial...

rule, caudillismo, and caciques and caciquismo. One Argentine intellectual, Carlos Octavio Bunge viewed caciquismo as emerging from anarchy and political...

represented the entire Spanish world Cruz Artacho, Salvador (2003). "Caciquismo y mundo rural durante la Restauración". In Gutiérrez, Rosa Ana; Zurita...

(PSOE) blamed the Government for supposed election fraud in small towns (caciquismo), which was incorrectly supposed to have been wiped out in the 1900s by...

Buganda and the omukama of Toro typify the Ugandan chieftaincy class. El caciquismo is a distorted form of government through which a political leader has...

Luzón, Javier Moreno (July 2007). "Political Clientelism, Elites, and Caciquismo in Restoration Spain (1875--1923)". European History Quarterly. 37 (3)...

leader who exercises significant power in the political system known as caciquismo, and is sometimes translated as "Bossism." In various Austronesian languages...

corruption Robert Kern, The caciques: oligarchical politics and the system of caciquismo in the Luso-Hispanic world. Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press...

ISBN 84-7564-091-5. Maqua, Javier (2006). "Juan Diego. El malo. Cosechas del caciquismo". In Castro de Paz, José Luis; Pérez Perucha, Julio (eds.). Picas en Flandes:...

 1–188. ISBN 84-239-8959-3. Romero Salvador, Carmelo (2021). Caciques y caciquismo en España (1834-2020) (in Spanish). Prologue by Ramón Villares. Madrid:...