related and have been promoted to phyla in their own right. The term Aschelminth is now generally only used as an informal name for any member of the...

Cleavage patterns & (1997). Ruppert, E.E (1991). "Introduction to the aschelminth phyla: A consideration of mesoderm, body cavities, and cuticle". In Harrison...

that a thick cuticle with repetitive pattern is characteristic of some aschelminth groups, but of virtually no other extant animals apart from arthropods...

spiralians. Before the cladistic era, most gnathiferans were regarded as aschelminths, a grouping now recognized as polyphyletic. Chaetognaths exhibit numerous...

Ricci C, Melone G (1996). "A cladistic analysis of pseudocoelomate (aschelminth) morphology". Invertebrate Biology. 115 (2): 104–112. doi:10.2307/3227041...

rotifers, polychaetes, nematodes and some groups of platyhelminthes, aschelminths and gnathostomulids. Nematodes seem to encourage development of Beggiatoa...