• December 1694 – 25 October 1748) Peter Wu Gousheng [pl] (1768 – 7 November 1814) Zhang Dapeng (1754 – 12 March 1815) Louis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse (8 December...
    343 KB (8,872 words) - 02:46, 19 April 2024
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    Papal States (category States and territories established in 1814)
    in 1814, the Congress of Vienna formally restored the Italian territories of the Papal States, but not the Comtat Venaissin or Avignon, to Vatican control...
    58 KB (5,710 words) - 20:11, 20 April 2024
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    the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council. Jesuit missionaries established missions around the world from...
    190 KB (22,119 words) - 05:01, 15 April 2024
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    "Leo XIII – Nobilissima Gallorum Gens". vatican.va. (full text) "Leo XIII – Au milieu des sollicitudes". vatican.va. (full text) Tallett, Frank; Atkin,...
    77 KB (8,196 words) - 13:48, 22 April 2024
  • of religious skepticism during and after the Enlightenment. The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s introduced the most significant changes to Catholic...
    138 KB (17,036 words) - 12:38, 24 April 2024
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    Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world) is an independent country inside...
    178 KB (18,150 words) - 20:07, 21 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
    children (five of whom survived infancy) of Jean-Marie-Joseph Ingres [fr] (1755–1814) and his wife Anne Moulet (1758–1817). His father was a successful jack-of-all-trades...
    82 KB (11,406 words) - 04:22, 19 April 2024
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    Custodia Pontificis; Italian: Guardia Svizzera Pontificia) stationed in Vatican City. The modern Papal Swiss Guard serves as both a ceremonial unit and...
    21 KB (2,759 words) - 08:49, 14 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lucrezia Borgia
    Thurmel, Joseph (1923). Le Journal de Jean Burchard, Évêque et Cérémoniaire au Vatican. Paris: Les Éditions Reider. p. 328. Lucas, Emma (2014). Lucrezia Borgia...
    39 KB (4,156 words) - 23:49, 22 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Stew
    first written reference to 'Irish stew' is in Byron's "The Devil's Drive" (1814): "The Devil ... dined on ... a rebel or so in an Irish stew." Meat-based...
    16 KB (1,671 words) - 16:54, 13 April 2024