Uma-jirushi (馬印, horse insignia) were massive flags used in feudal Japan to identify a daimyō or equally important military commander on the field of battle...

For details, see Akechi Mitsuhide#Family 大野, 信長 (2016), 【新装版】戦国武将100 家紋・旗・馬印FILE, 学研plus, p. 16. Usually the colors of Japanese crests were not determined...

to a crosspiece and held up on a long bamboo or wooden rod. Uma-jirushi (馬印, lit. horse standard) were the massive, often three-dimensional, banners used...