List of countries by income equality

Global map of countries by high inequality (based on Gini index), 2022, according to Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)[1]
  •   <30
  •   30-35
  •   35-40
  •   40-45
  •   45-50
  •   50+

This is a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based on different indicators, like Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included.

The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1 or 100, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same income), while an index of 1 or 100 implies perfect inequality (one person has all the income and everyone else has no income).

Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country.

List of countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

[edit]
Country/Territory UN Region World Bank Income group
(2024)		 Gini coefficient[a]
  WB  [2] Year UNU-
WIDER[3]		 Year OECD[4][5][6] Year
 Afghanistan Southern Asia Low income  31.00  2017 
 Angola Middle Africa Lower middle income  51.3  2018  51.27  2019 
 Albania Southern Europe Upper middle income  29.4  2020  29.42  2020 
 Andorra Southern Europe High income  27.96  2016 
 United Arab Emirates Western Asia High income  26.4  2018  25.97  2019 
 Argentina South America Upper middle income  40.7  2022  37.80  2022 
 Armenia Western Asia Upper middle income  27.9  2022  27.94  2021 
 Australia Australia and New Zealand High income  34.3  2018  34.33  2018 
 Austria Western Europe High income  30.7  2021  30.70  2022  28.1  2021
 Azerbaijan Western Asia Upper middle income  26.6  2005  26.55  2005 
 Burundi Eastern Africa Low income  37.5  2020  38.62  2014 
 Belgium Western Europe High income  26.6  2021  26.70  2022  25.6  2021
 Benin Western Africa Lower middle income  34.4  2021  37.95  2019 
 Burkina Faso Western Africa Low income  37.4  2021  43.02  2019 
 Bangladesh Southern Asia Lower middle income  33.4  2022  32.39  2016 
 Bulgaria Eastern Europe High income  39.0  2021  39.01  2022 
 Bahrain Western Asia High income  59.60  2015 
 Bahamas Caribbean High income  41.40  2013 
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.0  2011  33.03  2011 
 Belarus Eastern Europe Upper middle income  24.4  2020  24.38  2020 
 Belize Central America Upper middle income  53.2  1999  53.26  1999 
 Bolivia South America Lower middle income  40.9  2021  40.91  2021 
 Brazil South America Upper middle income  52.0  2022  51.40  2022 
 Barbados Caribbean High income  32.00  2017 
 Brunei South-eastern Asia High income  56.40  1981 
 Bhutan Southern Asia Lower middle income  28.5  2022  28.46  2022 
 Botswana Southern Africa Upper middle income  53.3  2015  53.33  2016 
 Central African Republic Middle Africa Low income  43.0  2021  43.05  2021 
 Canada Northern America High income  31.7  2019  28.80  2021  29.2  2021
 Switzerland Western Europe High income  33.7  2020  33.82  2021 
 Chile South America High income  43.0  2022  44.50  2022  44.8  2022
 China Eastern Asia Upper middle income  35.7  2021  36.67  2020 
 Ivory Coast Western Africa Lower middle income  35.3  2021  37.17  2019 
 Cameroon Middle Africa Lower middle income  42.2  2021  46.64  2014 
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Low income  44.7  2020 
 Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Lower middle income  48.9  2011  48.94  2012 
 Colombia South America Upper middle income  54.8  2022  52.90  2021 
 Comoros Eastern Africa Lower middle income  45.3  2014  45.33  2014 
 Cape Verde Western Africa Lower middle income  42.4  2015  42.38  2015 
 Costa Rica Central America Upper middle income  46.7  2023  47.15  2022  47.2  2022
 Cuba Caribbean Upper middle income  38.00  2000 
 Cyprus Western Asia High income  31.3  2021  31.25  2022 
 Czech Republic Eastern Europe High income  26.2  2021  26.24  2022  25.5  2021
 Germany Western Europe High income  32.4  2020  30.64  2022 
 Djibouti Eastern Africa Lower middle income  41.6  2017  41.59  2017 
 Denmark Northern Europe High income  28.3  2021  28.47  2022 
 Dominican Republic Caribbean Upper middle income  37.0  2022  38.10  2022 
 Algeria Northern Africa Upper middle income  27.6  2011  27.62  2012 
 Ecuador South America Upper middle income  44.6  2023  45.47  2022 
 Egypt Northern Africa Lower middle income  31.9  2019  31.89  2020 
 Spain Southern Europe High income  33.9  2021  33.99  2022  32.0  2021
 Estonia Northern Europe High income  31.8  2021  31.95  2022  32.1  2021
 Ethiopia Eastern Africa Low income  35.0  2015  34.99  2016 
 Finland Northern Europe High income  27.7  2021  28.71  2022  27.4  2022
 Fiji Melanesia Upper middle income  30.7  2019  30.71  2020 
 France Western Europe High income  31.5  2021  31.63  2022  29.8  2021
 Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Lower middle income  40.1  2013  40.06  2013 
 Gabon Middle Africa Upper middle income  38.0  2017  38.02  2017 
 United Kingdom Northern Europe High income  32.4  2021  34.24  2022  35.4  2021
 Georgia Western Asia Upper middle income  33.5  2022  36.93  2021 
 Ghana Western Africa Lower middle income  43.5  2016  43.52  2017 
 Guinea Western Africa Lower middle income  29.6  2018  29.59  2019 
 Gambia Western Africa Low income  38.8  2020  38.76  2021 
 Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Low income  33.4  2021  34.77  2019 
 Equatorial Guinea Middle Africa Upper middle income  50.20  2006 
 Greece Southern Europe High income  32.9  2021  33.25  2022  31.2  2021
 Grenada Caribbean Upper middle income  43.8  2018  36.60  2008 
 Greenland Northern America High income  35.40  2018 
 Guatemala Central America Upper middle income  48.3  2014  48.28  2014 
 Guyana South America High income  45.0  1998  35.00  2006 
 Hong Kong Eastern Asia High income  42.00  2016 
 Honduras Central America Lower middle income  48.2  2019  48.10  2021 
 Croatia Southern Europe High income  28.9  2021  28.92  2022 
 Haiti Caribbean Lower middle income  41.1  2012  41.10  2012 
 Hungary Eastern Europe High income  29.2  2021  29.32  2022  27.8  2021
 Indonesia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  36.1  2023  37.92  2022 
 India Southern Asia Lower middle income  32.8  2021  37.06  2022 
 Ireland Northern Europe High income  30.1  2021  30.29  2022  29.1  2021
 Iran Southern Asia Upper middle income  34.8  2022  40.94  2020 
 Iraq Western Asia Upper middle income  29.5  2012  47.20  2013 
 Iceland Northern Europe High income  26.1  2017  26.27  2018 
 Israel Western Asia High income  37.9  2021  34.00  2020  34.8  2021
 Italy Southern Europe High income  34.8  2021  34.92  2022  33.0  2021
 Jamaica Caribbean Upper middle income  40.2  2021  37.48  2017 
 Jordan Western Asia Lower middle income  33.7  2010  33.58  2014 
 Japan Eastern Asia High income  32.9  2013  33.40  2018  33.8  2021
 Kazakhstan Central Asia Upper middle income  29.2  2021  27.79  2018 
 Kenya Eastern Africa Lower middle income  38.7  2021  38.70  2021 
 Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Lower middle income  26.4  2022  28.99  2020 
 Cambodia South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  30.76  2012 
 Kiribati Micronesia Lower middle income  27.8  2019  27.83  2020 
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean High income  40.00  2009 
 South Korea Eastern Asia High income  32.9  2021  33.10  2020  32.4  2022
 Kuwait Western Asia High income  36.02  2000 
 Laos South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  38.8  2018  38.80  2019 
 Lebanon Western Asia Lower middle income  31.8  2011  31.83  2012 
 Liberia Western Africa Low income  35.3  2016  35.27  2016 
 Libya Northern Africa Upper middle income  30.20  2008 
 Saint Lucia Caribbean Upper middle income  43.7  2015  51.23  2016 
 Sri Lanka Southern Asia Lower middle income  37.7  2019  37.66  2019 
 Lesotho Southern Africa Lower middle income  44.9  2017  44.88  2018 
 Lithuania Northern Europe High income  36.7  2021  36.68  2022  36.6  2021
 Luxembourg Western Europe High income  32.7  2021  32.91  2022  28.4  2021
 Latvia Northern Europe High income  34.3  2021  34.56  2022  34.3  2022
 Morocco Northern Africa Lower middle income  39.5  2013  39.55  2014 
 Moldova Eastern Europe Upper middle income  25.7  2021  25.73  2021 
 Madagascar Eastern Africa Low income  42.6  2012  42.65  2013 
 Maldives Southern Asia Upper middle income  29.3  2019  29.29  2020 
 Mexico Central America Upper middle income  43.5  2022  44.01  2022  40.0  2022
 Marshall Islands Micronesia Upper middle income  35.5  2019  35.48  2020 
 North Macedonia Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.5  2019  33.51  2020 
 Mali Western Africa Low income  35.7  2021  35.28  2021 
 Malta Southern Europe High income  31.4  2020  31.64  2022 
 Myanmar South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  30.7  2017  30.70  2017 
 Montenegro Southern Europe Upper middle income  34.3  2021  32.90  2020 
 Mongolia Eastern Asia Upper middle income  31.4  2022  32.74  2018 
 Mozambique Eastern Africa Low income  50.3  2019  50.45  2020 
 Mauritania Western Africa Lower middle income  32.0  2019  32.62  2014 
 Mauritius Eastern Africa Upper middle income  36.8  2017  38.47  2012 
 Malawi Eastern Africa Low income  38.5  2019  38.54  2020 
 Malaysia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  40.7  2021 
 Namibia Southern Africa Upper middle income  59.1  2015  59.07  2016 
 Niger Western Africa Low income  32.9  2021  37.26  2019 
 Nigeria Western Africa Lower middle income  35.1  2018  35.13  2019 
 Nicaragua Central America Lower middle income  46.2  2014  46.16  2014 
 Netherlands Western Europe High income  25.7  2021  26.04  2022  28.8  2022
 Norway Northern Europe High income  27.7  2019  29.48  2021  26.2  2022
 Nepal Southern Asia Lower middle income  30.0  2022  32.84  2011 
 Nauru Micronesia High income  32.4  2012  32.36  2013 
 New Zealand Australia and New Zealand High income  32.00  2020 
 Oman Western Asia High income  30.09  2019 
 Pakistan Southern Asia Lower middle income  29.6  2018  29.59  2019 
 Panama Central America High income  48.9  2023  49.60  2022 
 Peru South America Upper middle income  40.3  2022  40.25  2021 
 Philippines South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  40.7  2021  40.68  2021 
 Palau Micronesia High income  43.00  2014 
 Papua New Guinea Melanesia Lower middle income  41.9  2009  41.85  2010 
 Poland Eastern Europe High income  28.5  2021  28.56  2022  26.1  2021
 Puerto Rico Caribbean High income  55.80  2003 
 Portugal Southern Europe High income  34.6  2021  34.59  2022  31.3  2021
 Paraguay South America Upper middle income  45.1  2022  45.11  2022 
 Palestine Western Asia Lower middle income  33.7  2016  33.69  2017 
 Qatar Western Asia High income  35.1  2017  24.60  2013 
 Réunion Eastern Africa —  51.00  1977 
 Romania Eastern Europe High income  33.9  2021  34.10  2022 
 Russia Eastern Europe High income  35.1  2021  36.03  2020 
 Rwanda Eastern Africa Low income  43.7  2016  43.71  2017 
 Saudi Arabia Western Asia High income  42.20  2018 
 Sudan Northern Africa Low income  34.2  2014  34.24  2014 
 Senegal Western Africa Lower middle income  36.2  2021  38.31  2019 
 Singapore South-eastern Asia High income  47.30  2011 
 Solomon Islands Melanesia Lower middle income  37.1  2012  37.05  2013 
 Sierra Leone Western Africa Low income  35.7  2018  35.69  2018 
 El Salvador Central America Upper middle income  38.8  2022  38.76  2022 
 San Marino Southern Europe High income  27.70  2017 
 Somalia Eastern Africa Low income  36.30  2016 
 Serbia Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.1  2021  34.98  2021 
 South Sudan Eastern Africa Low income  44.1  2016  44.14  2017 
 São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Lower middle income  40.7  2017  40.75  2017 
 Suriname South America Upper middle income  39.2  2022  38.10  2017 
 Slovakia Eastern Europe High income  24.1  2021  24.12  2022  21.7  2021
 Slovenia Southern Europe High income  24.3  2021  24.28  2022  24.2  2021
 Sweden Northern Europe High income  29.8  2021  30.08  2022  29.0  2022
 Eswatini Southern Africa Lower middle income  54.6  2016  54.58  2017 
 Seychelles Eastern Africa High income  32.1  2018  32.13  2019 
 Syria Western Asia Low income  26.6  2022  34.20  2007 
 Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean High income  37.00  1999 
 Chad Middle Africa Low income  37.4  2022  37.50  2019 
 Togo Western Africa Low income  37.9  2021 
 Thailand South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  34.9  2021  35.12  2021 
 Tajikistan Central Asia Lower middle income  34.0  2015  34.00  2015 
 Turkmenistan Central Asia Upper middle income  40.8  1998  40.81  1998 
 Timor-Leste South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  28.7  2014  28.65  2014 
 Tonga Polynesia Upper middle income  27.1  2021  33.52  2015 
 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean High income  40.2  1992  40.27  1992 
 Tunisia Northern Africa Lower middle income  33.7  2021  32.82  2016 
 Turkey — Upper middle income  44.4  2021  42.60  2021  43.3  2021
 Tuvalu Polynesia Upper middle income  39.1  2010  39.14  2010 
 Taiwan Eastern Asia High income  32.58  2021 
 Tanzania Eastern Africa Lower middle income  40.5  2018  40.49  2018 
 Uganda Eastern Africa Low income  42.7  2019  42.71  2020 
 Ukraine Eastern Europe Upper middle income  25.6  2020  25.63  2020 
 Uruguay South America High income  40.6  2022 
 United States Northern America High income  41.3  2022  39.79  2022  39.6  2022
 Uzbekistan Central Asia Lower middle income  31.2  2022  35.27  2003 
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Upper middle income  40.00  2008 
 Venezuela South America —  44.7  2006  37.80  2014 
 Vietnam South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  36.1  2022  36.81  2020 
 Vanuatu Melanesia Lower middle income  32.3  2019  32.32  2020 
 Samoa Polynesia Lower middle income  38.7  2013  38.73  2014 
 Kosovo Southern Europe Upper middle income  29.0  2017  29.01  2017 
 Yemen Western Asia Low income  36.7  2014  36.71  2014 
 South Africa Southern Africa Upper middle income  63.0  2014  66.99  2017 
 Zambia Eastern Africa Lower middle income  51.5  2022  44.00  2022 
 Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Lower middle income  50.3  2019  50.26  2019 
  1. ^ Gini coefficient, or Gini index, measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

List of EU countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

[edit]
Member state Gini coefficient[7]
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
 Austria 27.4 27.6 27.0 27.6 27.2 27.2 27.9 26.8 27.5 27.0 26.7 27.8 28.1
 Belgium 26.3 26.5 25.9 25.9 26.2 26.3 26.1 25.7 25.1 25.4 24.1 24.9 24.2
 Bulgaria 35.0 33.6 35.4 35.4 37.0 37.7 40.2 39.6 40.8 40.0 39.7 38.4 37.2
 Croatia 31.2 30.9 30.9 30.2 30.4 29.8 29.9 29.7 29.2 28.3 29.2 28.5 29.7
 Cyprus 29.2 31.0 32.4 34.8 33.6 32.1 30.8 29.1 31.1 29.3 29.4 29.4 29.6
 Czech Republic 25.2 24.9 24.6 25.1 25.0 25.1 24.5 24.0 24.0 24.2 24.9 24.8 24.4
 Denmark 26.6 26.5 26.8 27.7 27.4 27.7 27.6 27.8 27.5 27.3 27.0 27.7 28.2
 Estonia 31.9 32.5 32.9 35.6 34.8 32.7 31.6 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.6 31.9 31.8
 Finland 25.8 25.9 25.4 25.6 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.9 26.2 26.5 25.7 26.6 26.6
 France 30.8 30.5 30.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 28.8 28.5 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.8 29.7
 Germany 29.0 28.3 29.7 30.7 30.1 29.5 29.1 31.1 29.7 30.5 31.2 29.0 29.4
 Greece 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.2 34.3 33.4 32.3 31.0 31.4 32.4 31.4 31.8
 Hungary 26.9 27.2 28.3 28.6 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.0 28.0 27.6 27.4 29.0
 Ireland 29.8 30.4 30.7 31.1 29.7 29.6 30.6 28.9 28.3 28.3 26.6 26.9 27.4
 Italy 32.5 32.4 32.8 32.4 32.4 33.1 32.7 33.4 32.8 32.5 32.9 32.7 31.5
 Latvia 35.1 35.7 35.2 35.5 35.4 34.5 34.5 35.6 35.2 34.5 35.7 34.3 34.0
 Lithuania 33.0 32.0 34.6 35.0 37.9 37.0 37.6 36.9 35.4 35.1 35.4 36.2 35.7
 Luxembourg 27.2 28.0 30.4 28.7 28.5 29.6 29.2 31.3 32.3 31.2 29.6 29.1 30.6
 Malta 27.2 27.1 28.0 27.7 28.1 28.6 28.2 28.7 28.0 30.3 31.2 31.1 33.0
 Netherlands 25.8 25.4 25.1 26.2 26.7 26.9 27.1 27.4 26.8 28.2 26.4 26.3 26.4
 Poland 31.1 30.9 30.7 30.8 30.6 29.8 29.2 27.8 28.5 27.2 26.8 26.3 27.0
 Portugal 34.2 34.5 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.9 33.5 32.1 31.9 31.2 33.0 32.0 33.7
 Romania 33.5 34.0 34.6 35.0 37.4 34.7 33.1 35.1 34.8 33.8 34.3 32.0 31.0
 Slovakia 25.7 25.3 24.2 26.1 23.7 24.3 23.2 20.9 22.8 20.9 21.8 21.2 21.6
 Slovenia 23.8 23.7 24.4 25.0 24.5 24.4 23.7 23.4 23.9 23.5 23.0 23.1 23.4
 Spain 34.0 34.2 33.7 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.1 33.2 33.0 32.1 33.0 32.0 31.5
 Sweden 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.9 26.7 27.6 28.0 27.0 27.6 26.9 26.8 27.6 29.5
 European Union 30.5 30.4 30.6 30.9 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4 30.2 30.0 30.2 29.6 29.6
European Union Eurozone 30.6 30.5 30.7 31.0 30.7 30.7 30.4 30.6 30.2 30.3 30.5 — —
 Serbia[a] — — 38.0 38.3 40.0 39.8 37.8 35.6 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2 —
 Montenegro[b] — — 38.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.7 34.7 34.1 32.9 32.5 31.5 —
Notes:
  Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series.
  Green-coloured cells indicate estimated values.
  1. ^ Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
  2. ^ Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

List of OECD countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

[edit]
Country Gini coefficient[8]
Before taxes
and transfers		 After taxes
and transfers		 Year
 Australia 0.441 0.318 2020
 Austria 0.486 0.274 2019
 Belgium 0.489 0.262 2019
 Canada 0.438 0.280 2020
 Chile 0.495 0.460 2017
 Costa Rica 0.551 0.487 2021
 Czech Republic 0.432 0.248 2019
 Denmark 0.445 0.268 2019
 Estonia 0.465 0.305 2019
 Finland 0.516 0.265 2020
 France 0.519 0.292 2019
 Germany 0.497 0.296 2019
 Greece 0.525 0.308 2019
 Hungary 0.463 0.286 2019
 Iceland 0.369 0.250 2017
 Ireland 0.520 0.292 2018
 Israel 0.449 0.342 2019
 Italy 0.511 0.330 2018
 Japan 0.570 0.381 2021
 Latvia 0.483 0.355 2020
 Lithuania 0.495 0.357 2019
 Luxembourg 0.490 0.305 2019
 Mexico 0.435 0.420 2020
 Netherlands 0.453 0.304 2020
 New Zealand 0.454 0.320 2020
 Norway 0.436 0.263 2020
 Poland 0.452 0.281 2018
 Portugal 0.511 0.310 2019
 Slovakia 0.383 0.222 2019
 Slovenia 0.444 0.246 2019
 South Korea 0.405 0.331 2020
 Spain 0.491 0.320 2019
 Sweden 0.433 0.276 2020
 Switzerland 0.402 0.316 2019
 Turkey 0.502 0.415 2019
 United Kingdom 0.507 0.355 2020
 United States 0.517 0.375 2021

List of countries by income inequality based on different income ratios

[edit]
List of countries by income inequality based on Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population, Income Decile 1 and Interdecile P90/P10
Country/Territory UN Region World Bank Income group
(2024)		 Pre-tax national income
Top 10% share[a]		 Income Decile 1[b] Interdecile P90/P10[c]
World
Inequality
Database[9]		 Year UNU-
WIDER[3]		 Year Poverty
and
Inequality
Platform[10]		 Year OECD[11][12][13] Year
 Afghanistan Southern Asia Low income  41.94%  2022 
 Angola Middle Africa Lower middle income  58.01%  2022  1.33  2019  1.335  2018 
 Albania Southern Europe Upper middle income  32.14%  2022  3.41  2020  3.418  2020 
 Andorra Southern Europe High income  34.84%  2022  4.30  2016 
 United Arab Emirates Western Asia High income  47.78%  2022  3.98  2019  2.835  2018 
 Argentina South America Upper middle income  43.91%  2022  1.83  2021  2.008  2022 
 Armenia Western Asia Upper middle income  46.77%  2022  3.97  2021  3.904  2022 
 Australia Australia and New Zealand High income  32.91%  2022  2.68  2018  2.765  2018  4.3  2020
 Austria Western Europe High income  34.19%  2022  1.89  2022  2.765  2021  3.5  2021
 Azerbaijan Western Asia Upper middle income  42.87%  2022  6.14  2018  4.848  2005 
 Burundi Eastern Africa Low income  48.39%  2022  2.76  2014  2.876  2020 
 Belgium Western Europe High income  29.54%  2022  2.26  2022  3.645  2021  3.1  2021
 Benin Western Africa Lower middle income  46.94%  2022  2.88  2019  3.108  2021 
 Burkina Faso Western Africa Low income  54.84%  2022  2.62  2019  3.029  2021 
 Bangladesh Southern Asia Lower middle income  36.52%  2022  3.63  2022  3.467  2022 
 Bulgaria Eastern Europe High income  44.18%  2022  1.58  2022  2.007  2021  5.8  2021
 Bahrain Western Asia High income  55.72%  2022 
 Bahamas Caribbean High income  52.41%  2022  2.20  2013 
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Upper middle income  34.25%  2022  2.94  2011  2.936  2011 
 Belarus Eastern Europe Upper middle income  29.92%  2022  4.45  2020  4.454  2020 
 Belize Central America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  0.93  1999  0.950  1999 
 Bolivia South America Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  1.77  2021  1.775  2021 
 Brazil South America Upper middle income  56.78%  2022  1.02  2021  1.196  2022  8.4  2022
 Barbados Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022  1.40  2010 
 Brunei South-eastern Asia High income  36.40%  2022  0.80  1981 
 Bhutan Southern Asia Lower middle income  49.19%  2022  3.63  2022  3.633  2022 
 Botswana Southern Africa Upper middle income  59.26%  2022  1.53  2016  1.532  2015 
 Central African Republic Middle Africa Low income  64.91%  2022  2.13  2021  2.143  2021 
 Canada Northern America High income  35.18%  2022  3.30  2020  2.973  2019  3.7  2021
 Switzerland Western Europe High income  31.64%  2022  2.50  2021  2.950  2020  3.8  2020
 Chile South America High income  58.95%  2022  2.06  2020  2.268  2022  7.3  2022
 China Eastern Asia Upper middle income  43.35%  2022  2.92  2020  3.039  2021  23.0  2011
 Ivory Coast Western Africa Lower middle income  54.66%  2022  2.90  2019  3.150  2021 
 Cameroon Middle Africa Lower middle income  52.05%  2022  1.72  2014  2.127  2021 
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Low income  48.84%  2022  2.09  2013  2.128  2020 
 Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Lower middle income  55.93%  2022  1.56  2012  1.562  2011 
 Colombia South America Upper middle income  60.62%  2022  1.17  2021  1.033  2022 
 Comoros Eastern Africa Lower middle income  50.26%  2022  1.61  2014  1.617  2014 
 Cape Verde Western Africa Lower middle income  49.08%  2022  2.22  2015  2.219  2015 
 Costa Rica Central America Upper middle income  57.50%  2022  1.66  2022  1.639  2023  9.7  2023
 Cuba Caribbean Upper middle income  45.29%  2022  3.40  1978 
 Cyprus Western Asia High income  33.45%  2022  2.46  2022  3.547  2021 
 Czech Republic Eastern Europe High income  29.66%  2022  2.58  2022  3.893  2021  3.1  2021
 Germany Western Europe High income  34.04%  2022  1.82  2022  2.940  2020  3.9  2020
 Djibouti Eastern Africa Lower middle income  49.55%  2022  1.94  2017  1.944  2017 
 Denmark Northern Europe High income  40.57%  2022  1.99  2022  3.695  2021  3.0  2019
 Dominican Republic Caribbean Upper middle income  47.77%  2022  2.56  2021  2.610  2022 
 Algeria Northern Africa Upper middle income  38.08%  2022  4.05  2012  4.046  2011 
 Ecuador South America Upper middle income  44.83%  2022  1.66  2022  1.640  2023 
 Egypt Northern Africa Lower middle income  47.60%  2022  3.84  2020  3.841  2019 
 Spain Southern Europe High income  33.13%  2022  1.73  2022  2.211  2021  4.6  2021
 Estonia Northern Europe High income  38.16%  2022  1.67  2022  3.093  2021  5.0  2021
 Ethiopia Eastern Africa Low income  45.47%  2022  2.89  2016  2.889  2015 
 Finland Northern Europe High income  31.64%  2022  2.18  2022  3.840  2021  3.2  2022
 Fiji Melanesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  3.47  2020  3.468  2019 
 France Western Europe High income  34.79%  2022  2.16  2022  2.933  2021  3.5  2021
 Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  1.87  2013  1.874  2013 
 Gabon Middle Africa Upper middle income  43.32%  2022  2.24  2017  2.241  2017 
 United Kingdom Northern Europe High income  33.70%  2022  2.27  2021  3.041  2021  4.3  2021
 Georgia Western Asia Upper middle income  45.03%  2022  2.65  2021  2.638  2022 
 Ghana Western Africa Lower middle income  48.91%  2022  1.61  2017  1.611  2016 
 Guinea Western Africa Lower middle income  37.89%  2022  3.48  2019  3.478  2018 
 Gambia Western Africa Low income  45.87%  2022  2.59  2021  2.594  2020 
 Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Low income  44.09%  2022  3.31  2019  3.393  2021 
 Equatorial Guinea Middle Africa Upper middle income  51.39%  2022 
 Greece Southern Europe High income  35.00%  2022  1.94  2022  2.610  2021  4.0  2021
 Grenada Caribbean Upper middle income  48.52%  2022  2.88  2008  2.128  2018 
 Greenland Northern America High income  48.59%  2022  2.10  2018 
 Guatemala Central America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  1.67  2014  1.672  2014 
 Guyana South America High income  52.41%  2022  1.09  1998  1.158  1998 
 Hong Kong Eastern Asia High income  48.18%  2022  0.70  2016 
 Honduras Central America Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  1.24  2019  1.243  2019 
 Croatia Southern Europe High income  32.04%  2022  1.40  2022  3.110  2021  4.0  2021
 Haiti Caribbean Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  2.10  2012  0.765  2012 
 Hungary Eastern Europe High income  33.50%  2022  1.83  2022  3.518  2021  3.1  2021
 Indonesia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  41.24%  2022  2.80  2022  3.328  2023 
 India Southern Asia Lower middle income  57.13%  2022  2.90  2022  2.898  2021  9.4  2011
 Ireland Northern Europe High income  40.86%  2022  1.77  2022  3.633  2021  3.6  2021
 Iran Southern Asia Upper middle income  52.39%  2022  2.31  2020  2.831  2022 
 Iraq Western Asia Upper middle income  50.67%  2022  1.28  2013  3.680  2012 
 Iceland Northern Europe High income  29.51%  2022  4.03  2018  4.033  2017  2.8  2017
 Israel Western Asia High income  47.80%  2022  1.87  2018  2.000  2021  5.4  2021
 Italy Southern Europe High income  39.05%  2022  1.54  2022  2.303  2021  4.4  2021
 Jamaica Caribbean Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  2.61  2015  2.176  2021 
 Jordan Western Asia Lower middle income  48.36%  2022  3.16  2014  3.455  2010 
 Japan Eastern Asia High income  44.24%  2022  1.85  2014  2.993  2013  5.2  2021
 Kazakhstan Central Asia Upper middle income  35.29%  2022  4.28  2018  4.299  2021 
 Kenya Eastern Africa Lower middle income  48.72%  2022  2.91  2021  2.923  2021 
 Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Lower middle income  43.35%  2022  4.04  2020  4.375  2022 
 Cambodia South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  55.74%  2022  3.93  2012 
 Kiribati Micronesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  4.04  2020  4.038  2019 
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022 
 South Korea Eastern Asia High income  32.55%  2022  1.24  2016  2.946  2021  4.9  2022
 Kuwait Western Asia High income  52.90%  2022  2.80  1973 
 Laos South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  45.68%  2022  2.95  2019  2.955  2018 
 Lebanon Western Asia Lower middle income  54.17%  2022  3.09  2012  3.093  2011 
 Liberia Western Africa Low income  43.24%  2022  2.94  2016  2.941  2016 
 Libya Northern Africa Upper middle income  44.13%  2022 
 Saint Lucia Caribbean Upper middle income  48.52%  2022  0.90  2016  0.906  2015 
 Sri Lanka Southern Asia Lower middle income  42.23%  2022  3.11  2019  3.113  2019 
 Lesotho Southern Africa Lower middle income  49.51%  2022  1.72  2018  1.722  2017 
 Lithuania Northern Europe High income  41.84%  2022  1.29  2022  2.625  2021  5.1  2021
 Luxembourg Western Europe High income  31.48%  2022  2.19  2022  2.787  2021  3.6  2021
 Latvia Northern Europe High income  34.61%  2022  1.37  2022  2.607  2021  5.2  2022
 Morocco Northern Africa Lower middle income  49.43%  2022  2.70  2014  2.700  2013 
 Moldova Eastern Europe Upper middle income  33.29%  2022  4.34  2021  4.344  2021 
 Madagascar Eastern Africa Low income  50.76%  2022  2.16  2013  2.223  2012 
 Maldives Southern Asia Upper middle income  57.72%  2022  3.78  2020  3.776  2019 
 Mexico Central America Upper middle income  64.61%  2022  1.87  2022  2.124  2022  5.8  2022
 Marshall Islands Micronesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  2.84  2020  2.842  2019 
 North Macedonia Southern Europe Upper middle income  29.66%  2022  1.88  2020  1.878  2019 
 Mali Western Africa Low income  44.61%  2022  2.93  2021  3.230  2021 
 Malta Southern Europe High income  34.13%  2022  1.99  2022  3.095  2020 
 Myanmar South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  51.12%  2022  3.76  2017  3.764  2017 
 Montenegro Southern Europe Upper middle income  32.13%  2022  2.30  2021  2.141  2021 
 Mongolia Eastern Asia Upper middle income  42.51%  2022  3.27  2018  3.387  2022 
 Mozambique Eastern Africa Low income  64.63%  2022  1.59  2020  1.714  2019 
 Mauritania Western Africa Lower middle income  40.48%  2022  2.98  2014  3.133  2019 
 Mauritius Eastern Africa Upper middle income  47.40%  2022  2.91  2017  2.915  2017 
 Malawi Eastern Africa Low income  48.41%  2022  2.85  2020  2.851  2019 
 Malaysia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  47.48%  2022  2.26  2019  2.346  2021 
 Namibia Southern Africa Upper middle income  64.20%  2022  0.96  2016  0.965  2015 
 Niger Western Africa Low income  49.19%  2022  3.20  2019  3.777  2021 
 Nigeria Western Africa Lower middle income  42.72%  2022  2.88  2019  2.885  2018 
 Nicaragua Central America Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  1.98  2014  1.977  2014 
 Netherlands Western Europe High income  33.14%  2022  1.92  2022  3.625  2021  3.2  2022
 Norway Northern Europe High income  25.17%  2022  1.94  2021  3.365  2019  3.1  2022
 Nepal Southern Asia Lower middle income  33.81%  2022  3.50  2011  3.672  2022 
 Nauru Micronesia High income  48.59%  2022  3.39  2013  3.403  2012 
 New Zealand Australia and New Zealand High income  34.63%  2022  2.90  2018  4.2  2020
 Oman Western Asia High income  54.88%  2022 
 Pakistan Southern Asia Lower middle income  43.94%  2022  4.22  2019  4.222  2018 
 Panama Central America High income  52.41%  2022  1.23  2021  1.234  2023 
 Peru South America Upper middle income  57.27%  2022  2.12  2021  2.112  2022 
 Philippines South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  49.42%  2022  2.91  2021  2.678  2021 
 Palau Micronesia High income  48.59%  2022  1.00  2014 
 Papua New Guinea Melanesia Lower middle income  50.25%  2022  1.87  2010  1.870  2009 
 Poland Eastern Europe High income  34.59%  2022  2.09  2022  3.354  2021  3.3  2021
 Puerto Rico Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022  2.10  1977 
 Portugal Southern Europe High income  35.60%  2022  1.85  2022  2.796  2021  4.0  2021
 Paraguay South America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  1.83  2022  1.831  2022 
 Palestine Western Asia Lower middle income  50.06%  2022  2.90  2017  2.898  2016 
 Qatar Western Asia High income  53.78%  2022  2.556  2017 
 Romania Eastern Europe High income  35.77%  2022  1.17  2022  1.901  2021  5.0  2021
 Russia Eastern Europe High income  50.77%  2022  3.08  2020  2.686  2021  4.3  2017
 Rwanda Eastern Africa Low income  53.94%  2022  2.44  2017  2.437  2016 
 Saudi Arabia Western Asia High income  54.41%  2022 
 Sudan Northern Africa Low income  45.04%  2022  3.17  2014  3.175  2014 
 Senegal Western Africa Lower middle income  47.80%  2022  2.96  2019  3.021  2021 
 Singapore South-eastern Asia High income  32.89%  2022  1.59  2012 
 Solomon Islands Melanesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  2.76  2013  2.758  2012 
 Sierra Leone Western Africa Low income  47.00%  2022  3.35  2018  3.352  2018 
 El Salvador Central America Upper middle income  42.70%  2022  1.92  2022  1.926  2022 
 San Marino Southern Europe High income  34.84%  2022 
 Somalia Eastern Africa Low income  44.06%  2022  1.70  2016 
 Serbia Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.75%  2022  2.28  2021  2.489  2021 
 South Sudan Eastern Africa Low income  49.39%  2022  1.71  2017  1.788  2016 
 São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Lower middle income  39.38%  2022  2.57  2017  2.569  2017 
 Suriname South America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  2.207  2022  F
 Slovakia Eastern Europe High income  25.98%  2022  2.97  2022  3.421  2021  2.8  2021
 Slovenia Southern Europe High income  30.65%  2022  1.97  2022  4.196  2021  3.0  2021
 Sweden Northern Europe High income  33.75%  2022  1.78  2022  2.806  2021  3.3  2022
 Eswatini Southern Africa Lower middle income  59.88%  2022  1.41  2017  1.407  2016 
 Seychelles Eastern Africa High income  52.09%  2022  2.58  2019  2.622  2018 
 Syria Western Asia Low income  54.25%  2022  3.80  2007  3.798  2022 
 Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022 
 Chad Middle Africa Low income  46.73%  2022  2.92  2019  2.808  2022 
 Togo Western Africa Low income  50.03%  2022  2.29  2019  2.785  2021 
 Thailand South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  51.75%  2022  3.17  2021  3.186  2021 
 Tajikistan Central Asia Lower middle income  38.12%  2022  2.95  2015  2.953  2015 
 Turkmenistan Central Asia Upper middle income  47.99%  2022  2.72  1993  2.404  1998 
 Timor-Leste South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  46.30%  2022  4.04  2014  4.045  2014 
 Tonga Polynesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  3.18  2015  3.965  2021 
 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean High income  52.41%  2022  2.07  1992  2.127  1992 
 Tunisia Northern Africa Lower middle income  41.37%  2022  3.16  2016  3.083  2021 
 Turkey — Upper middle income  51.68%  2022  2.00  2021  1.988  2021  5.3  2021
 Tuvalu Polynesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  2.68  2010  2.684  2010 
 Taiwan Eastern Asia High income  34.92%  2022  2.53  2021  3.515  2021 
 Tanzania Eastern Africa Lower middle income  51.37%  2022  2.88  2018  2.875  2018 
 Uganda Eastern Africa Low income  52.82%  2022  2.43  2020  2.428  2019 
 Ukraine Eastern Europe Upper middle income  38.26%  2022  4.25  2020  4.257  2020 
 Uruguay South America High income  47.17%  2022  2.24  2022  2.162  2022 
 United States Northern America High income  48.27%  2022  1.42  2022  1.762  2022  6.3  2022
 Uzbekistan Central Asia Lower middle income  48.30%  2022  2.88  2003  2.495  2022 
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Upper middle income  48.52%  2022 
 Venezuela South America —  54.96%  2022  2.50  2014  1.244  2006 
 Vietnam South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  45.82%  2022  2.53  2020  2.569  2022 
 Vanuatu Melanesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  3.04  2020  3.044  2019 
 Samoa Polynesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  2.74  2014  2.738  2013 
 Kosovo Southern Europe Upper middle income  31.64%  2022  0.50  2018  3.790  2017 
 Yemen Western Asia Low income  55.11%  2022  3.00  2014  3.005  2014 
 South Africa Southern Africa Upper middle income  65.41%  2022  1.09  2017  0.857  2014  22.3  2017
 Zambia Eastern Africa Lower middle income  61.74%  2022  1.10  2015  1.473  2022