Erich Stephen Gruen (/ˈɡruːən/ GROO-ən, German: [ˈɡʁuːən]; born May 7, 1935) is an American classicist and ancient historian. He was the Gladys Rehard...

2.188. For the changes attributed to Paculla Annia as unlikely, see Erich S. Gruen, Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy, University of California...

Bar Kokhba revolt Jews were reduced to a completely diaspora people. Erich S. Gruen maintains that focusing on the destruction of the Temple misses the...

major character fault and his motive for going to war. The historian Erich S. Gruen believed that Crassus's purpose was to enrich the public treasury since...

become a dispossessed and persecuted people for much of their history. Erich S. Gruen maintains that focusing on the destruction of the Temple misses the...

Companion to the Roman Army. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444393767. Erich S. Gruen (1995). The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. University of California...

Empire. Translated by Scott-Kilvert, Ian. Penguin Books. pp. 114–122. Gruen, Erich S. (25 September 1986). The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome,...

World, Osprey Publishing, 2018 Cartledge & Spawforth 2001, p. 108. Erich S. Gruen, Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition, 1998,...

agreement that the stories originally had nothing to do with the Jews. Erich S. Gruen suggested that it may have been the Jews themselves that inserted themselves...

to the province of Syria, to take an account of their substance ..." Erich S. Gruen, "The Expansion of the Empire under Augustus" in The Cambridge Ancient...