In causal inference, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences...

tower with its top in the sky. Yahweh, observing their city and tower, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other, and scatters...

not take up their offers of employment. In 1997, he formed the company Confounding Factor along with co-developer Paul Douglas, who had worked with Gard...

can be done either by adding the confounding variable as a control in regression, or by matching on the confounding variable. PSM has been shown to increase...

that controls for every confounding factor, so also must the user of multiple regression be careful to control for all confounding factors by including them...

unduly given causal interpretations. The paradox can be resolved when confounding variables and causal relations are appropriately addressed in the statistical...

minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables). This increases the reliability of the results, often through...

being studied, but also any potential confounding variables, thus avoiding omitted variable bias. "Confounding variables" in this context means other...

confounding occurs when RA0 ≠ RB0. (NB: Example assumes binary outcome and exposure variables.) Some epidemiologists prefer to think of confounding separately...

additional variables that are thought to serve as confounders. By pairing students whose values on the confounding variables are similar, a greater fraction of...